Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Azerbejdżanu w regionie kaspijskim


Abstrakt

In contemporary international relations, the energy security is becoming a key issue. Access to energy resources is the existential need of every state, conditioning its economic and social development. Interdependencies in the energy field are a key determinants of international relations, where the participants are not only states but also non-sovereign actors. The research problem of the study is the analysis of Azerbaijan's energy security policy priorities in the Caspian region. The main aim of the research is to present its interests, conditions and activities in the energy security policy dimension. Pipeline geopolitics and security threats influence the strategic goals of Azerbaijan's policy, a pioneer in the development of the energy sector in the Caspian region.


Słowa kluczowe

Azerbaijan; energy security policy; Caspian region

Alijew: Południowy Korytarz Gazowy będzie gotowy za 2-3 lata, Energetyka 24, 28 VI 2018 [dostęp: 12 III 2020]: <https://www.energetyka24.com/alijew-poludniowy-korytarz-gazowy-bedzie-gotowy-za-2-3-lata>.

Aliyev I., Opening speech by at the Azerbaijan-USA Forum Future Vision, 29 V 2013 [dostęp: 28 IX 2015]: <http://president.az/mobile/articles/8311>.

Aliyev I., Azeri leader sets key priorities for 2007, “BBC Monitoring Trans Caucasus Unit”,1 I 2007.

Almaz A., Testing the rentier state theory. The case of Azerbaijan, “Journal of Global Analysis” 2015, vol. 5, issue 1–2.

Auty R., Natural resources, governance and transition in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Routledge, Abingdon 2004.

Azerbaijan, IEA, 13 I 2021 [dostęp:12 IX 2021]:<https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/AZE>.

Babak V., Vaisman D., Wasserman A., Political organization in Central Asia and Azerbaijan. Sources and dDocuments, Routledge, London 2005.

Bagirov S., Azerbaijan’s strategic choice in the Caspian Region, [w:] The security of the Caspian Sea Region, ed. G. Chufrin, Oxford University Press, London 2001.

Bahgat G., Central Asia and energy security, „Asian Affairs” 2006, vol. 37, issue 1, s. 3.

Bahgat G., Energy security. The Caspian Sea, “Minerals & Energy” 2005, vol. 20, issue 2.

Beblawi H., The rentier state in the Arab world, [w:] The Arab state, ed. G. Luciani, Routledge, Berkeley 1990.

Blank S., Azerbaijan’s expanding strategic perspective, “Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst” 5 III 2014.

Bolukbasi S., The controversy over the Caspian Sea mineral resources: Conflicting perceptions, clashing interests, “Europe–Asia Studies” 1998, vol. 3, issue 50.

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2021 [dostęp: 25 VIII 2021]: <https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy/downloads.html>.

Brzeziński Z., Wielka szachownica, Politeja, Warszawa 1999.

Carroll T., The Cutting edge of accumulation. Neoliberal risk mitigation, the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline and its impact, “Antipode” 2012, vol. 44, issue 2.

Caspian oil & gas, IEA : <http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/1990/caspian_oil_gas98.pdf> [dostęp: 12 IX 2013].

CIA World Fact Book 2020, [dostęp: 12 IX 2020]: <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html>.

Cohen A., Energy security in the Caspian basin, [w:] Energy security challenges for 21st century, ed. G. Luft, A. Korin, Greenwood Publishing Group, Santa Barbara 2009.

Country partnership strategy: Azerbaijan 2014–2018, Asian Development Bank, 2014: http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/81989/cps-aze-2014-2018-0.pdf> [dostęp: 10 XII 2015].

Dalby S., American security discourse: the persistence of geopolitics, “Political Geography Quarterly” 1990, issue 9(2).

DeLay J., Baku knows what’s at stake – Aliyev walks fine line on new oil deal, “Pipeline News” 1996, issue 42.

DeLay J., US delegation visits Baku for political, economic Talks, “Pipeline News”1996, issue 38.

Fink D., Assessing Turkey’s future as an energy transit country, “Research Notes” 2006, issue 11.

Finn R., Diplomatic beginning in Baku, [w:] Azerbaijan in global politics: Crafting foreign policy, ed. A. Petersen, F. Ismailzade, Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy, Baku 2009.

van Gils E., Azerbaijan and the European Union, Routledge, New York 2020.

Goble P., Azerbaijan’s balanced foreign policy and the muslim world, “Azerbaijan in the World” 2009, issue 2(12).

Goldberg J., Getting crude in Baku. The crude face of global capitalism, “The New York Times Magazine” [online], 4 X 1998 [dostęp: 12 V 2019]: <https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/magazine/the-crude-face-of-global-capitalism.html>.

Hall G., Grant T., Russia, China and the energy – security politics of the Caspian Sea Region after the cold war, “Mediterranean Quarterly” 2009, issue 2.

Huseynzade R., Aliyev A., Experience of Azerbaijan in construction of main oil and gas pipelines in the Caspian Sea Region. Environmental aspects, [w:] Oil and gas pipelines in the Black–Caspian Seas Region, eds I.S. Zonn, A.G. Kostianoy, Springer, Switzerland 2016.

Ilham Aliyev: Energy security cannot be considered apart from national security, AEA Albania Energy Asociation, 18 XI 2015 [dostęp: 12 IX 2021]: <https://aea-al.org/ilham-aliyev-energy-security-cannot-be-considered-apart-from-national-security/>.

Index Mundi, [dostęp: 25 VIII 2020]: <https://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=136&c=aj&l=en>.

In-depth review of the energy efficiency policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects, PEEREA, 2019 : <https://www.energycharter.org/what-we-do/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-country-reviews/in-depth-review-of-energy-efficiency-policies-and-programmes/in-depth-review-of-the-energy-efficiency-policy-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan/> [dostęp: 12 IX 2021].

Ipek P., Azerbaijan: oil boom and challenges, [w:] Turkey’s neighborhood , ed. M. Kibaroglu, Foreign Policy Institute, Ankara 2008.

Ipek P., Azerbaijan’s foreign policy and challenges for energy security, “Middle East Journal” 2009, vol. 63, issue 2.

Jafarova E., The role of Azerbaijan in shaping regional cooperation for energy security, [w:] Addressing emerging security risks for energy networks in South Caucasus, eds J. Novogrockiene, E. Siaulyte, IOS Press, Amsterdam 2017.

Jarosiewicz A., Azerbejdżan dzieli gaz z Szah-Deniz II, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich 2013 (Analizy OSW) [dostęp: 26 IX 2013]: <https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/analizy/2013-09-25/azerbejdzan-dzieli-gaz-z-szah-deniz-ii>.

Jarosiewicz A., Południowy Korytarz Gazowy Azerbejdżanu i Turcji, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich 2012 (Komentarze OSW) [dostęp: 20 VII 2012]: <https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/komentarze-osw/2012-07-18/poludniowy-korytarz-gazowy-azerbejdzanu-i-turcji> .

Jarosiewicz A., Południowy Korytarz Gazowy Azersko-turecki projekt w rozgrywce Rosji i UE, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich 2015 (Punkt Widzenia, 54).

Jarosiewicz A., Start zmodyfikowanego Południowego Korytarza Gazowego, Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich 2014 (Analizy OSW) [dostęp: 26 IX 2014]: <https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/analizy/2014-09-24/start-zmodyfikowanego-poludniowego-korytarza-gazowego>.

Joint press point with NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev,15 I 2014 [dostęp: 27 IX 2015]: <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/opinions_106145.htm?selectedLocale=en>.

Kolundzić S., Eurasia, energy cooperation or conflict?, Part 2. Caspian Region, oil and geopolitics, “NAFTA” 2009, vol. 4, issue 60.

Kosowska K., Czarnota R., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Janiga D., Azerbaijan facing new challenges on the energy market after the collapse of Soviet Union, [w:] Section oil and gas exploration, 18 International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018.

Kublik A., Kaspijski gaz u granic Europy. Nadchodzi konkurencja dla Gazpromu, 13 VI 2018 [dostęp: 12 V 2018]: <http://wyborcza.pl/7,155287,23531503,kaspijski-gaz-u-granic-europy-nadchodzi-konkurencja-dla-gazpromu.html>.

Legieć A., Perspektywy polityki wewnętrznej i zagranicznej Azerbejdżanu, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2020 (Biuletyn PISM, 87).

Legieć A., Rozejm w Górskim Karabachu, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2020 (Komentarz PISM, 83).

Legucka A., Uregulowanie statusu Morza Kaspijskiego, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2018 (Biuletyn PISM, 116).

Mammadov F., Azerbaijan’s geopolitical identity in the context of the 21st century challenges and prospects, Valdai Discussion Club, 2017 (Valdai Papers, 62): <http://valdaiclub.com/files/13184/> [dostęp: 15 VI 2017].

Mammadov F., Foreign policy postures and priorities of Azerbaijan, [w:] The South Caucasus – security, energy and Europeanization, ed. M.B. Altunisik, O.F. Tanrisever, Routledge, London, New York 2018.

Misiągiewicz J., Boundaries and energy security under dispute in the Caspian region, [w:] Border conflicts in the contemporary world, red. A. Moraczewska, W. Janicki, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2014.

Misiągiewicz J., The Caspian states perception of the conflict between the Ukraine and Russia, [w:] Neighbourhood perceptions of the Ukraine crisis, eds K. Stokłosa, G. Besier, Routledge, London – New York 2017.

Misiągiewicz J., The Southern Gas Corridor infrastructure project – implications for the energy security of the European Union, „Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej” 2019, t. 17, nr 4.

National security concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan [online], 23 V 2007 [dostęp: 10 III 2014]: <http://www.azembassy.org.au/uploads/docs/Azerbaijan.pdf >.

NATO in the Caucasus. The case of Azerbaijan, 2014 [dostęp: 19 IX 2015]: <http://www.isn.ethz.ch/DigitalLibrary/Audio/Detail/?lng=en&id=183160>.

Opening speech by Ilham Aliev of the Cabinet of Ministers, [dostęp: 12 VIII 2020]: <http://ru.president.az/articles/29539>.

Perzyński M., TANAP oficjalnie otwarty w Baku, Biznes Alert, 28 V 2018 [dostęp: 12 XII 2018]: <http://biznesalert.pl/poludniowy-korytarz-gazowy-oficjalnie-otwarty-w-baku>.

Pop V., EU too divided to solve frozen conflicts, Azerbaijan says, “EU Observer” [online], 9 X 2008 [dostęp:15 X 2015]: <https://euobserver.com/energy/26894>.

Republic of Azerbaijan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, [dostęp:12 III 2014]: <http://dmfa.nakhchivan.az/page.php?lang=eng&page=030049>.

Republic of Azerbaijan, National Security Concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 2007, ss. 8–9, : <http://www.azembassy.org.au/uploads/docs/Azerbaijan.pdf> [dostęp: 29 X 2015].

Republic of Azerbaycan, 2010 [dostęp: 26 IX 2015]: <http://www.mod.gov.az/doktrina.htm>.

Ross M.L., The oil course. How petroleum wealth shapes development of nations, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012.

Shaw L.D., Good governance in the post-Soviet South. Testing theories of the resource curse in Azerbaijan, “Journal of Politics and International Studies” 2013, vol. 9.

Sikorski T., Perspektywy realizacji gazociągu trans kaspijskiego, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych 2011 (Biuletyn PISM, 50).

Socor V., Gas discussions in Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan after the Budapest Nabucco Conference, „Eurasia Daily Monitor” 2007, vol. 4, issue 176.

The Southern Gas Corridor, Trans Adriatic Pipeline, [dostęp: 12 I 2019]: <https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/the-big-picture/southern-gas-corridor>.

State Committee for Affairs of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons of the Republic of Azerbaijan: <http://www.refugees-idps-committee.gov.az/en/> [dostęp: 21 VII 2017].

Stokes D., Raphael S., Global energy security and American hegemony, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2010.

Strakes J., Azerbaijan and the non-aligned movement. Institutionalizing the ‘Balanced Foreign Policy’ Doctrine, “IAI Working Papers”, 11 V 2015.

Svyatets E., Energy security and cooperation in Eurasia. Power, profits and politics, Routledge, New York 2016.

Terterov M., The energy charter as a framework for intergovernmental cooperation in the energy markets of the South Caucasus states, [w:] The South Caucasus – security, energy and europeanization, eds M. B. Altunisik, O. F. Tanrisever, Routledge, London – New York 2018.

US Energy Information Administration, [dostęp: 10 II 2015]: <http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/?fips=aj>.

Yergin, D. The quest. Energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world, Penguin Books, New York, 2011.

Yorucu V., Özay M., The Southern Energy Corridor. Turkey’s role in European energy security, Springer, Cham, Switzerland 2018.

Zonn I.S., Pipeline architecture of the Black Sea–Caspian Sea Region, [w:] Oil and gas pipelines in the Black–Caspian Seas Region, eds I. S. Zonn, A.G. Kostianoy, Springer, Switzerland 2016.

Pobierz

Opublikowane : 2021-12-27


Misiągiewicz, J. (2021). Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Azerbejdżanu w regionie kaspijskim. Sprawy Międzynarodowe, 74(4), 299-329. https://doi.org/10.35757/SM.2021.74.4.14

Justyna Misiągiewicz  justyna.misiagiewicz@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
Instytut Nauk o Polityce i Administracji, Wydział Politologii i Dziennikarstwa, Uniwersytet Marii CURIE-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie  Polska
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-2735