Russia’s approaches towards Armenia and Azerbaijan: evolution of the policy or interests come first?


Abstrakt

This paper aims to analyse Russia’s policy towards the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan during the second Karabakh war and its aftermath. The aim is to explain Russia’s behaviour’s maxims during and after the second Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Analysing reasons and causes of Moscow’s approaches in relations with Armenia and Azerbaijan, this paper argues that developments in the Russian policy could be mainly explained by Russia’s current and prospective economic and strategic interests in the region and, they are based on Russia’s slowly departs from the legacies and responsibilities are most important thinking towards purely pragmatic and highly manoeuvrable approaches.


Słowa kluczowe

Nagorno-Karabakh; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Russia

Aliyev N., Russia’s arms sales: A foreign policy tool in relations with Azerbaijan and Armenia, “Eurasia Daily Monitor”, vol. 15, issue: 47, 28 III 2018 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://jamestown.org/program/russias-arms-sales-foreign-policy-tool-relations-azerbaijan-armenia/>.

Aliyev N., War in Nagorno-Karabakh requires a Russian Balancing Act, “The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst” [online], 10 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <http://cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13646-war-in-nagorno-karabakh-requires-a-russian-balancing-act.html>.

Baku podtverzhdayet: Po Shushe strelyali raketoy «Iskander M», “Turan” Information Agency [online], 2 IV 2021 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2021/4/free/politics_news/ru/2731.htm>.

Baumov A., Why Russia is biding its time on Nagorno-Karabakh, The Carnegie Moscow Center, 9 X 2020 [accessed: 31 V 2021]: <https://carnegie.ru/commentary/82933>.

Blinken A.J., United States welcomes actions by Armenia and Azerbaijan, US Department of State, 12 VI 2021 [accessed: 13 VI 2021]: <https://www.state.gov/united-states-welcomes-actions-by-armenia-and-azerbaijan/>.

Bratskiy Y., Putin dopustil izmeneniye formata Minskoy gruppy OBSE po Karabakhu, Tv Zvezda [online], 22 X 2020 [accessed: 31 V 2021]: <https://tvzvezda.ru/news/202010221948-qgCHn.html>.

Frolov V., Pust' polykhayet. Kak izmenilas' politika Rossii na postsovetskom prostranstve, “Republic” [online], 29 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://republic.ru/posts/98310>.

The EU Commissioner’s official account status, Twitter, 4 VI 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://twitter.com/CommissionerHR/status/1400809475804745734?s=20>.

Karaganov S., Mirovoy shtorm i russkiy kurazh, “Rossiya v Globalnoi Politike” [online], 28 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/mirovoj-shtorm-i-russkij-kurazh/>.

Kortunov A., Shest' urokov konflikta v Karabakhe, “Global Brief” [online], 4 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://globalbrief.ca//2020/10/шесть-уроков-конфликта-в-карабахе/>.

Krivosheyev K., Khalatyan A., Armeniya i Azerbaydzhan ochertili granitsy otnosheniy, “Kommersant” [online], 13 I 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4640957>.

Kucera J., Armenia and Azerbaijan in new border crisis, Eurasianet,14 V 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-in-new-border-crisis>.

Kucera J., Armenia and Azerbaijan suspend “corridor” talks, Eurasianet, 4 VI 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-suspend-corridor-talks?fbclid=IwAR06wvcgxYJDnt5iB8JyNPcKJWq7MUGAXGeBbBDXf7ruXP4xfSRSRplUPqA>.

Lavrov obsudil s glavoy MID Azerbaydzhana obostreniye na granitse respubliki s Armeniyey, TASS [online], 13 V 2021 [accessed: 15 V I 2021]: <https://tass.ru/politika/11368095>.

Levon Ter-Petrosyan prokommentiroval otvet MID RF na pis'mo Pashinyana Putinu, Radio Azatutyun [online], 31 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://rus.azatutyun.am/a/30922898.html>.

Libaridian J., Why negotiations failed, “The Armenian Mirror-Spectator” [online], 2 XI 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://mirrorspectator.com/2020/11/02/why-negotiations-failed/?fbclid=IwAR00Zi2OKW3GJkvRWh3kkrhxeSJqBLLCJcP4haYBQJNdKUWcqsQW84tjuG4>.

Lukyanov F., Pochemu vokrug granits Rossii voznikla duga besporyadka, “Rossiya v Globalnoi Politike” [online], 23 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/vokrug-granicz-rossii/>.

Mejlumyan A., Armenia proposing restoration of rail route through Azerbaijan to Russia, 4 V 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://eurasianet.org/armenia-proposing-restoration-of-rail-route-through-azerbaijan-to-russia>.

Mejlumyan A., Small outpost is Russia’s first visible aid to Armenia, Eurasianet, 28 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://eurasianet.org/small-outpost-is-russias-first-visible-aid-to-armenia>.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Prem'yer-ministr RA Nikol Pashinyan napravil pis'mo prezidentu RF Vladimiru Putinu, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, 31 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://www.mfa.am/ru/press-releases/2020/10/31/let/10617>.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, No: 217/21, Information of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, 12 VI 2021 [accessed: 13 VI 2021]: <https://mfa.gov.az/en/news/7396/view>.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, No: 202/21, Information of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the death of civilians as a result of a mine explosion in Kalbajar, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 4 VI 2021 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://mfa.gov.az/en/news/7381/view>.

Nazvan glavnyy postavshchik oruzhiya Azerbaydzhanu, RIA Novosti [online], 24 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://ria.ru/20201024/oruzhie-1581352192.html?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop>.

Otvety na voprosy SMI po situatsii v Nagornom Karabakhe, Kremlin.ru, 17 X 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64431>.

Prezidentin xalqa müraciəti – Canlı, Baku TV [online], 10 XI 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=TqfIzwy1PRE&pli=1>.

Putin nazval ochen' chuvstvitel'noy dlya Rossii situatsiyu na granitse Armenii i Azerbaydzhana, TASS [online], 24 VII 2020 [accessed: 31 III 2021]: <https://tass.ru/politika/9047997>.

Putin nazval usloviye uregulirovaniya situatsii v Karabakhe, RIA Novosti [online], 29 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://ria.ru/20201029/karabakh-1582133199.html>.

Putin obsudil s Erdoganom armyano-azerbaydzhanskiy konflikt, “Kommersant” [online], 27 VII 2020 [accessed: 31 III 2021]: <https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4433504>.

Putin ukazal na osobyye svyazi Rossii s Armeniyey i Azerbaydzhanom, RIA Novosti [online], 22 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://ria.ru/20201022/karabakh-1581069489.html>.

Rossiya napravila v Nagornyy Karabakh pochti 2 tys. Mirotvortsev, TASS [online], 10 XI 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9956043>.

Russian, Azerbaijani defense ministers discuss situation in South Caucasus, TASS [online], 18 VII 2020 [accessed: 31 III 2021]: <https://tass.com/world/11800455>.

Sukhova S., «Amerikantsy umeyut delat' to, chto my ne umeyem,— vospityvat' soyuznikov», "Ogonok" 2020, vol. 37, p. 8.

Telefonnyye razgovory s Nikolom Pashinyanom i Il'khamom Aliyevym, Kremlin, 2 XI 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64315>.

Trenin D., Tri krizisa na granitse Rossii. Chto oni oznachayut dlya otnosheniy Moskvy s soyuznikami, Moscow Carnegie Center, 28 X 2020 [accessed: 31 V 2021]: https://carnegie.ru/commentary/83061.

The Turkish Defense Ministry, Millî Savunma Bakanı Hulusi Akar: Ortak Merkezin Oluşturulmasına Yönelik Çalışmalar Tamamlandı, The Turkish Defense Ministry, 29 I 2021 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <https://msb.gov.tr/SlaytHaber/2912021-77164>.

V Moskve proshli konsul'tatsii predstaviteley Rossii, Azerbaydzhana i Armenii, TASS [online], 2 VI 2021 [accessed: 15 V I 2021]: <https://tass.ru/politika/11544383>.

V Yerevane soobshchili o priostanovke raboty trekhstoronney komissii s Rossiyey i Azerbaydzhanom, TASS [online], 1 VI 2021 [accessed: 5 VI 2021]: <https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/11524421>.

Wezeman P.D., Kuimova A., Wezeman S.T., Trends in international arms transfers, SIRPI 2020, (Fact Sheets, March 2021): <https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/fs_2103_at_2020_v2.pdf> [accessed: 15 V 2021].

Wezeman P.D., Fleurant A., Trends in international arms transfers, SIRPI 2017, (Fact Sheets, March 2018): <https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-03/fssipri_at2017_0.pdf> [accessed: 15 V 2021].

Zayavleniye MID Rossii otnositel'no obostreniya situatsii v zone nagorno-karabakhskogo konflikta, Mid.ru, 27 IX 2020 [accessed: 31 III 2021]: <https://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4350914>.

Zayavleniye MID Rossii v svyazi s obrashcheniyem Prem'yer-ministra Respubliki Armeniya N.V.Pashinyana k Prezidentu Rossiyskoy Federatsii V.V.Putinu, Mid.ru, 31 X 2020 [accessed: 25 V 2021]: <https://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4411939?fbclid=IwAR17iwOE0Q8rIt51B0Xf03Oa7rZNY_S4hGJgtojiEcFteEcsQH5C1598vxo>.

Zayavleniye Prezidenta Azerbaydzhanskoy Respubliki, Prem'yer-ministra Respubliki Armeniya i Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Kremlin, 10 XI 2020 [accessed: 15 V 2021]: <http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384>.


Opublikowane : 2021-12-27


Aliyev, N. (2021). Russia’s approaches towards Armenia and Azerbaijan: evolution of the policy or interests come first?. Sprawy Międzynarodowe, 74(4), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.35757/SM.2021.74.4.03

Nurlan Aliyev  aliyevnurlan13@gmail.com
University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw  Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-4658