Związek między członkostwem w organizacjach a przynależnością klasową w perspektywie międzynarodowej
Abstrakt
Currently, there is only a limited amount of research on the propensity of people in different classes to participate in civic organization. Using data from the European Social Survey 2002 the author explores the patterns and intensity of relations between civic participation and social class in 19 countries. He examines class differences in the recruitment to four basic types of the associational membership on the assumption that there may be various forms of social exclusion and inequality. This relationship is compared across various types of welfare regime, in line with the suggestion that there is significant variation in social involvement across welfare regimes. This analysis shows that, indeed, civic associations could be differentiated according to their class composition. In line with expectations class differences are ordered from the most to the least advantaged groups with respect to their socio-cultural position. In all countries, representatives of the service class are most likely to take part in civic organizations. They are followed by lower non-manual categories, and owners, and most disengaged from formal participation are working class people and agricultural categories. This suggests that civic organizations appear to be preservers of advantaged categories (i.e. higher professionals and managers) while categories located near the bottom of socio-economic ladder are deprived of access to them.
Słowa kluczowe
klasa społeczna; organizacje obywatelskie; stratyfikacja społeczna; porównania międzynarodowe
Bibliografia
Beck Ulrich, 2000, What is Globalization?, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Bernstein Edward, 1901, Zasady socjalizmu i zadania socjalnej demokracji, Polskie Towarzystwo Nakładowe, Lwów.
Bourdieu Pierre, 2005, Dystynkcja. Społeczna krytyka władzy sądzenia, tłum. Piotr Biłos, Scholar, Warszawa.
Castells Manuel, 2000, End of Millennium, Blackwell, Oxford.
Clark Terry, Lipset Seymour M., 1991, Are Social Classes Dying?, „International Sociology”, t. 6, s. 397–410.
Coleman James, 1988, Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, „American Journal of Sociology”, t. 94, s. 95–120.
Dekker Paul, Uslaner Eric M., 2001, The „Social” in Social Capital: The Missing Link, w: Paul Dekker, Eric M. Uslaner (red.), Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life, Routledge, London–New York.
Domański Henryk, 2006, Wpływ przynależności klasowej na postawy wyborcze w latach 1991–2001, „Studia Socjologiczne”, nr 4.
Domański Henryk, Przybysz Dariusz, 2005, Homogamia edukacyjna małżonków w krajach europejskich, „Studia Socjologiczne”, nr 4.
Erikson Robert, Goldthorpe John H., 1992, The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, Clarendon Press – Oxford University Press, Oxford–New York.
Esping-Andersen Gøsta, 1999, Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, Academic Press, New York.
Evans Geoffrey, 1999, Class Voting: From Premature Obituary to Reasoned Appraisal, w: Geoffrey Evans (red.), The End of Class Politics? Class Voting in Comparative Context, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Evans Geoffrey, 2000, The Continued Significance of Class Voting, „American Review of Political Science” t. 3, s. 401–417.
Franklin Mark i in., 1992, Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Freitag Marcus, 2003, Beyond the Tocqueville: The Origins of Social Capital in Switzerland, „European Sociological Review”, t. 19, s. 217–232.
Gliński Piotr, 2004, Bariery samoorganizacji obywatelskiej, w: Henryk Domański i in. (red.), Niepokoje polskie, IFiS PAN, Warszawa.
Grootaert Christian, 2001, Social Capital: The Missing Link, w: Paul Dekker, Eric M. Uslaner (red.), Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life, Routledge, London–New York.
Hall Peter, 1999, Social Capital in Britain, „British Journal of Political Science”, t. 29, s. 417–461.
Inglehart Ronald, 1997, Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Kaariainen Juha, Lehtonen Heikki, 2006, The Variety of Social Capital in Welfare State Regimes: A Comparative Study of 21 Countries, „European Societies”, t. 8, s. 27–57.
Kaase Max, 1999, Interpersonal Trust, Political Trust, and the Non-Institutional Political Participation in Western Europe, „West European Politics”, t. 22, s. 1–21.
Kerbo Harold R. 2000, Social Stratification and Inequality, Academic Press, Boston.
Lamont Michèle, 1992, Money, Morals and Manners: The Culture of the French and the American Upper-Middle Class, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago–London.
Li Yaojun, Savage Mike, Pickles Andrew, 2003, Social Capital and Social Exclusion in England and Wales (1972–1999), „British Journal of Sociology”, t. 54, s. 497–526.
Lin Nan, 2001, Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Newton Kenneth, Norris Pipa, 2000, Confidence in Public Institutions: Faith, Culture, or Performance, w: Susan J. Pharr, Robert D. Putnam (red.), Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
North Douglass C., 1990, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press, New York.
O’Connell Michael, 2003, Anti „Social Capital”: Civic Values versus Economic Equality in the EU, „European Sociological Review”, t. 19, s. 241–248.
Pakulski Jan, Waters Malcolm, 1996, The Death of Class, Sage, London.
Parry Geraint, Moyser George, Day Neil, 1999, Political Participation and Democracy in Britain, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Paugam Serge, Russell Helen, 2000, The Effects of Employment Precarity and Unemployment on Social Isolation, w: Duncan Gallie, Serge Paugam (red.), Welfare Regimes and Experience of Unemployment in Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Paxton Pamela, 1999, Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assesment, „American Journal of Sociology”, t. 105, s. 88–127.
Putnam Robert D., 2000, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon and Schuster, New York.
Rose Richard, McAllister Ian, 1986, Voters Begin to Choose: From Closed Class to Open Elections in Britain, Sage, London.
Skocpol Theda, 1996, Unravelling from Above, „The American Prospect”, nr 25, s. 20–25.
Rabe-Hesketh Sophia, Skrondal Andres, 2005, Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, A Stata Press Publication, College Station, Texas.
Tocqueville Alexis, de, 2005, O demokracji w Ameryce, tłum. Barbara Janicka i Marcin Król, Fundacja Aletheia, Warszawa.
Verba Sidney, Lehman Schlozman Kay, Brady Henry E., 1995, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Warner W. Lloyd, Lunt Paul S., 1941, The Social Life of a Modern Community, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Wojciszke Bogdan, 2002, Człowiek wśród ludzi. Zarys psychologii społecznej, Scholar, Warszawa.
Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN Polska
Ten utwór jest dostępny na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
