David Garland i kultura kontroli
Abstrakt
In this paper I try to summarise the writings of David Garland, the British sociologist who describes the dynamics of change in the system of social control in modern and late modern societies. First, I analyse the Garland’s methodology, especially the role of culture and cultural values in his theory. Later I summarise his reflections on social control in the modern era, especially it’s connections with the ideology of the welfare state. The focus of my paper is, however, Garland’s analysis of control in late modern societies. Unlike Jock Young or Zygmunt Bauman, Garland does not claim, that we live in an “exclusive society”. The fear of crime, which has been growing during the past couple of decades, creates a propensity to control everything and to let others control our everyday lives. In this way everyone has fewer opportunities to perform a deviant act. Also, in late-modern society it is more common to express moral outrage directed to deviants — a significant break with the past times, when the main discourse concerning crime was a scientific one (mainly criminological). The conclusion is that we are living in a culture of control — i.e. the culture of late modern society is very much concerned with the management of everyday life in order to avoid any sort of danger or deviance.
Słowa kluczowe
przestępczość; kultura; dewiacja; późna nowoczesność; zarządzanie; kara; kontrola społeczna
Bibliografia
Bauman Zygmunt, 2000, Social Issues of Law and Order, w: David Garland, Richard Sparks (red.), Criminology and Social Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cohen Stanley, 1985, Visions of Social Control, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Garland David, 1985, Punishment and Welfare, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot.
Garland David, 1990, Punishment and Modern Society, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Garland David, 1995, Penal Modernism and Postmodernism, w: Thomas G. Blomberg, Stanley Cohen (red.), Punishment and Social Control, Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
Garland David, 2001, The Culture of Control, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Gilling Daniel, 2001, Community Safety and Social Policy, „European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research”, t. 9, nr 4.
Ignatieff Michael, 1978, A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1850, Pantheon Books, New York.
Lianos Michalis, Douglas Mary, 2000, Dangerization and the End of Deviance, w: David Garland, Richard Sparks (red.), Criminology and Social Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Luckmann Thomas, 2002, Moral Communication in Modern Societies, „Human Studies”, t. 25, nr 1.
Marx Gary T., 1998, Measuring Everything That Moves: The New Surveillance at Work, w: Ida Harper Simpson, Richard L. Simpson (red.), Deviance in the Workplace, JAI Press, Stanford.
McGowen Randall, 1998, The Well-Ordered Prison, w: Norval Morris, David J. Rothman (red.), The Oxford History of Prison, Oxford University Press, Oxford–New York.
Sagar Tracey, 2005, Street Watch: Concept and Practice, „British Journal of Criminology”, t. 45, nr 1.
Siemaszko Andrzej, 1993, Granice tolerancji, PWN, Warszawa.
Staples William G., 1997, The Culture of Surveillance: Discipline and Social Control in the United States, St. Martin’s Press, New York.
Utrat-Milecki Jarosław, 2006, Podstawy penologii. Teoria kary, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.
Williams Kate, 2005, „Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place”: Police Experiences with the Legitimacy of Street Watch Partnerships, „The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice”, t. 44 nr 5.
Young Jock, 1999, The Exclusive Society, Sage, London.
Uniwersytet Warszawski Polska
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