Osobny świat osobliwości
Abstrakt
The article presents freak shows as a specific kind of social and cultural phenomenon which constitutes the effect of a cultural compilation of the significance of human diversity. Here the human oddity is understood to be a certain cultural category and also a specific role to be played on the stage of social life. The typical freak shows which took place at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are recon structed. The issue of the creation of the identity of human oddities is then considered. The fundamental question is “what social and cultural points were being made during such shows?” The final part concentrates on the question of whether equivalents of them can be found today. In connection with this popular science films of a medical nature are analysed. Whatever pseudo-medical, politically correct narratives are woven round the motives for seeking the reasons for the deviations or their treatment and although the work towards the public acceptance of people with bodies which differ from the norm, they reveal clear signs of an ambivalent and abnormal fascination with the human body.
Słowa kluczowe
pokaz osobliwości; osobliwość ludzka; medykalizacja; choroba; ciało
Bibliografia
Adams Rachel, 2001, Sideshow USA: Freaks and the American Cultural Imagination, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago–London.
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Bogdan Robert, 1990, Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago–London.
Canguilhem Georges, 2000, Normalne i patologiczne, tłum. Paweł Pieniążek, Słowo/obraz terytoria, Gdańsk.
Cook James W. Jr., 1996, Of Men, Missing Links, and Nondescripts: The Strange Career of P. T. Barnum’s „What is It?” Exhibition, w: Rosemarie Garland Thomson (red.), Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body, New York University Press, New York.
Douglas Mary, 2004, Symbole naturalne. Rozważania o kosmologii, tłum. Ewa Dżurak, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
Gerber David A., 1996, The „Careers” of People Exhibited in Freak Shows: The Problem of Volition and Valorization, w: Rosemarie Garland Thomson (red.), Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body, New York University Press, New York.
Leroi Armand Marie, 2003, Mutants: On the Form, Varieties and Errors of the Human Body, Harper Collins, London.
McCullers Carson,1964, Gość weselny, tłum. Agnieszka Glinczanka, PIW, Warszawa.
Turner Bryan S., 1992, Regulating Bodies: Essays in Medical Sociology, Routledge, London–New York.
Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-8452
Ten utwór jest dostępny na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
