Funkcjonowanie miast Azji Południowo-Wschodniej w ramach międzynarodowych sieci współpracy


Abstrakt

Although climate policy is formulated at national and supranational levels (for example, the European Union, the United Nations), cities are responsible for its practical implementation. As a consequence, actions taken by local authorities are becoming an important factor in the success of global climate policy. One of the cities’ activities is sharing environmental knowledge within international city networks. This form of international cooperation is also becoming increasingly popular in Southeast Asia.
This article analyses the participation of Asian cities in the three most important networks dealing with the exchange of ecological knowledge: C40, City Net and ICLEI. Based on interviews with representatives of all surveyed networks and the city officials of Quezon City, Philippines, I present the characteristics of cities functioning in networks, in particular the knowledge flow model, which has a certain postcolonial feature but also promotes social dialogue and cooperation with local partners.


Słowa kluczowe

sieci miast; paradyplomacja; C40; ICLEI; wiedza ekologiczna

Acuto M., Global cities, governance and diplomacy. The urban link, Routledge, New York 2013.

Barber B., Gdyby burmistrzowie rządzili światem. Dysfunkcyjne kraje, rozkwitające miasta, Muza, Warszawa 2014.

Barthold S., Greening the global city. The role of C40 cities as actors in global environmental governance, [w:] The city as a global political actor, ed. S. Oosterlynck, L. Beeckmans, D. Bassens, B. Derudder, B. Segaert, L. Braeckmans, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon–New York 2019.

Bennett C. J., Howlett M., The lessons of learning: Reconciling theories of policy learning and policy change, „Policy Sciences” 1992, vol. 25, No. 3, DOI: 10.1007/BF00138786.

Bouteligier S., Cities, networks, and global environmental governance. Spaces of innovation, places of leadership, Routledge, New York 2012.

Campbell T., Beyond smart cities. How cities network, learn and innovate, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon–New York 2012.

The city as a global political actor, ed. S. Oosterlynck, L. Beeckmans, D. Bassens, B. Derudder, B. Segaert, L. Braeckmans, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon–New York 2019.

Competitive cities and climate change, ed. L. Kamal-Chaoui, A. Robert, OECD, 2009 (OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2).

Contesting global environmental knowledge, norms and governance, ed. M. J. Peterson, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon–New York 2019.

Cornago N., Plural diplomacies. Normative predicaments and functional imperatives, Martinus Nijhoff, 2013.

Flores R. B., Decentralization and local governance in Southeast Asia: A passing review of development, reforms and approaches, „Journal of Politics and Governance” 2017, vol. 7, No. 1, dostępny w internecie [dostęp: 17 IV 2019]: <https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jopag/article/view/147537>.

Gururani Sh., Vandergeest P., Introduction: New frontiers of ecological knowledge: Co-producing knowledge and governance in Asia, „Conservation and Society” 2014, vol. 12, No. 4, DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.155575.

Herrschel T., Newman P., Cities as international actors. Urban and regional governance beyond the nation state, Palgrave Macmillan, Abingdon–London 2017.

Jasanoff Sh., States of knowledge. The co-production of science and the social order, Routledge, London 2004.

Josselin D., Wallace W., Non-state actors in world politics. A framework, [w:] Non-state actors in world politics, ed. D. Josselin, W. Wallace, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2001, DOI: 10.1057/9781403900906_1.

Keohane R., Nye J., Transnational relations and world politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1973.

Kuznetsov A., Theory and practice of paradiplomacy. Subnational governments in international affairs, Routledge London–New York 2015.

Lal V., The politics of culture and knowledge after postcolonialism: Nine theses (and a prologue), „Continuum” 2012, vol. 26, No. 2, DOI: 10.1080/10304312.2012.645529.

Langhorne R., The diplomacy of non-state actors, „Diplomacy & Statecraft” 2005, vol. 16, No. 2, DOI: 10.1080/09592290590948388.

Lee T., Global cities and climate change. The translocal relations of environmental governance, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon–New York 2016.

Lee T., Network comparison of socialization, learning and collaboration in the C40 cities climate group, „Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning” 2019, vol. 21, No. 1, DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2018.1433998.

Lee T., Jung H. Y., Mapping city-to-city networks for climate change action: Geographic bases, link modalities, functions, and activity, „Journal of Cleaner Production” 2018, vol. 182, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.034.

Ling L. H. M., Postcolonial international relations. Conquest and desire between Asia and the West, Palgrave Macmillan, [London] 2002.

Loomba A., Colonialism/postcolonialism, 2 ed., Routledge, London–New York 2005.

Marcotullio P. J., Sarzynski A., Albrecht J., Schulz N., The geography of urban greenhouse gas emissions in Asia: A regional analysis, „Global Environmental Change” 2012, vol. 22, No. 4, DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.002.

Non-state actors in world politics, ed. D. Josselin, W. Wallace, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2001, DOI: 10.1057/9781403900906_1.

Parnell S., Robinson J., (Re)theorizing cities from the global south: Looking beyond neoliberalism, „Urban Geography” 2012, vol. 33, No. 4, DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.33.4.593.

Pietrasiak M., Bywalec G., Kamiński T., Mierzejewski D., Słowikowski M., Paradiplomacy in Asia. Case studies of China, India and Russia, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2018.

Raś M., Aktywność międzynarodowa regionów Federacji Rosyjskiej, Elipsa, Warszawa 2018.

Schindler S., Towards a paradigm of Southern urbanism, „City” 2017, vol. 21, issue 1, DOI: 10.1080/13604813.2016.1263494.

Skorupska A., Szczudlik J., Kamiński T., The subnational dimension of EU-China relations, Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, Warsaw 2019.

Tavares R., Paradiplomacy. Cities and states as global players, Oxford University Press, New York 2016.

Tjandradewi B. I., Marcotullio P. J., City-to-city networks: Asian perspectives on key elements and areas for success, „Habitat International” 2009, vol. 33, No. 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.021.

Yi H., Krause R. M., Feiock R. C., Back-pedaling or continuing quietly? Assessing the impact of ICLEI membership termination on cities’ sustainability actions, „Environmental Politics” 2017, vol. 26, No. 1, DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2016.1244968.

Pobierz

Opublikowane : 2019-09-27


Kamiński, T. (2019). Funkcjonowanie miast Azji Południowo-Wschodniej w ramach międzynarodowych sieci współpracy. Sprawy Międzynarodowe, 72(3), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.35757/SM.2019.72.3.11

Tomasz Kamiński 
Uniwersytet Łódzki  Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2389-4038




Inne teksty tego samego autora