Intensyfikacja autorytaryzmu wojskowego w Egipcie w okresie prezydentury gen. Abd al-Fattaha as-Sisiego


Abstrakt

The army was the most significant beneficiary of the Arab Spring in Egypt. Hosni Mubarak was replaced by a more powerful dictator, General Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi. Under the rule of General as-Sisi and his army, there is no place for dialogue between the ruling elite and society, or for democratisation and building a civil society. President General as-Sisi won the elections but has no legitimacy to rule. The short- and medium-term perspective of changes looks very unfavourable. The remilitarisation of Egypt and military electoral authoritarianism will continue. Adherents of General as-Sisi argue that his authoritarian rule is necessary to stabilise the situation in the country and prevent jihad attacks on the Sinai Peninsula. Opposition groups are encouraged to endorse the president through large-scale projects such as the New Administrative Capital, which sets out to testify that Egypt is rising to the rank of a regional power under the rule of President as-Sisi.


Amin S., The Reawakening of the Arab World. Challenge and Change in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring, Monthly Reviw Press, New York 2016.

Anbarami A., Typology of Political Regimes in North Africa before Arab Spring. Case Study of Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, „International Journal of Asian Social Science” 2013, no. 3 (5).

as-Sajjid Marsot A.L., Historia Egiptu. Od podboju arabskiego do czasów współczesnych, przeł. Z. Landowski, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 2009.

Aziz S.F., Military Electoral Authoritarianism in Egypt, „Election Law Journal” 2017, vol. 16, no. 2.

Bakr N., The Egyptian Revolution, w: Change & Opportunities in the Emerging Meditteranean, eds. S. Calleya, M. Wohlfeld, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, University of Malta 2012.

Brown N.J., Egypt 2021: The Muslim Brotherhood, 17.03.2021, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/egypt-2021-muslim-brotherhood.

Brownlee J., T. Masoud, A. Reynolds, The Arab Spring. Pathways of Repression and Reform, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015.

Darwisheh H., Egypt under Sisi: From an Authoritarian Dominantparty System to Strongman Politics, „JETRO-IDE ME-Review” 2018–2019, vol. 6.

El Hakeh A., The New Administrative Capital from an Inclusive Perspective, 15.03.2021, https://aps.aucegypt.edu/en/articles/666/the-new-administrative-capital-from-an-inclusive-perspective.

El-Dahshan M., Egyptian Exceptionalism in a Chinese-led World, 10.02.2021, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/02/egyptian-exceptionalism-chinese-led-world.

Epatko L., Quran L., What To Know about Egypt’s Presidential Election, 2.04.2018, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/what-to-know-about-egypts-presidential-election.

Gerges F.A., A History ISIS, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford 2016.

Ghanem H., The Arab Spring Five Years Later. Toward Greater Inclusiveness, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 2016.

Griffin M., Islamic State. Rewriting History, PlutoPress, London 2016.

Holzer-Stępniewska B., J. Holzer, Egipt. Stulecie przemian, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog, Warszawa 2006.

Lipa M., Arabska wiosna w Egipcie. Uwarunkowania, przebieg i skutki, w: Arabska wiosna w Afryce Północnej, red. E. Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka, Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2014.

Lipa M., Internal Determinants of Authoritarianism in the Arab Middle East. Egypt before the Arab Spring, „Hemispheres” 2016, vol. 31, no. 3.

Lynch M., The New Arab Wars. Uprising and Anarchy in the Middle East, Perseus Books, New York 2016.

McManus A., The Egyptian Military’s Terrorism Containment Campaign in North Sinai, 30.06.2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/82218.

Magdi A., Concerns Remain as Egypt Frees Activists and Critics, Human Rights Watch, 4.05.2022, https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/04/concerns-remain-egypt-frees-activists-and-critics.

Meredith M., Historia współczesnej Afryki. Pół wieku niepodległości, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog, Warszawa 2011.

Michelson R., Egypt Drops Inquiry into Murder of Italian Student Giulio Regeni, „The Guardian”, 30.12.2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/30/egypt-drops-inquiry-into-of-italian-student-giulio-regeni.

Morsy A., Egypt’s Elections and Parliament: Old Habits Never Die, The Tahrir Institure for Middle East Policy, 26.03.2021, https://timep.org/commentary/analysis/egypts-elections-and-parliament-old-habits-never-die/.

Pogońska-Pol M., Prezydentura Abdela Fattaha as-Sisiego – Egipt na drodze demokratyzacji czy autorytaryzmu?, w: Bliski Wschód na rozdrożu, red. J. Marszałek-Kawa, H.A. Jamsheer, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2016.

Pressman J., Same Old Story? Obama and the Arab Uprising, w: The Arab Spring. Change and Resistance in the Middle East, eds. M.L. Haas, D.W. Lesch, Westview Press, Boulder 2013.

Puspitasari S., Arab Spring: A Case Study of Egyptian Revolution 2011, „Andalas Journal of International Studies” 2017, vol. 6, no. 2.

Rutherford B.K., Egypt: The Origins and Consequences of the January Uprising, w: The Arab Spring. Change and Resistance in the Middle East, eds. M.L. Haas, D.W. Lesch, Westview Press, Boulder 2013.

Saidin M., Rethinking the ‘Arab Spring’: The Root Causes of the Tunisian Jasmine Revolution and Egyptian January 25 Revolution, „International Journal of Islamic Thought” 2018, vol. 13.

Sharp J.M., Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations, Congressional Research Service Report, 12.03.2019, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190312_RL33003_66b95b744e0b2b9a8421e03b80afae08e92425d9.pdf.

Wejkszner A., Państwo Islamskie. Narodziny nowego kalifatu?, Wydawnictwo Difin, Warszawa 2016.

Zdanowski J., Bliski Wschód 2011. Bunt czy rewolucja?, Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków 2011.

Zdanowski J., Historia najnowsza Bliskiego Wschodu i Afryki Północnej, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog, Warszawa 2020.

Zdanowski J., Współczesna muzułmańska myśl społeczno-polityczna. Nurt Braci Muzułmanów, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Askon, Warszawa 2009.

Pobierz

Opublikowane : 2022-12-30


Czornik, K. (2022). Intensyfikacja autorytaryzmu wojskowego w Egipcie w okresie prezydentury gen. Abd al-Fattaha as-Sisiego. Studia Polityczne, 50(3), 62-81. https://doi.org/10.35757/STP.2022.50.3.03

Katarzyna Czornik  katarzyna.czornik@us.edu.pl
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach  Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-9467




Inne teksty tego samego autora