The article concerns the possibility and relevance of the application of postcolonial theory in the case of Central and Eastern Europe. The main focus is on Poland and Germany. The author gathers and analyses the first studies conducted using postcolonial theory. Moreover, he makes a structural and systemic comparison between the situation in German colonies in Africa and Polish lands under German partition and occupation. As the majority of postcolonial research has been limited to literary studies so far, there is still untapped potential in other fields, such as sociology and political sciences.