Changes announced by Chancellor Olaf Scholz after the Russian invasion of Ukraine regarding security and defense policy, energy and relations with Russia became known as Zeitenwende. This word has become a kind of label-symbol of the changes being made, and in diplomacy also a kind of shield against criticism of Germany over the failure of its previous policy toward Russia. The greatest successes in the form of giving up Russian supplies have been in the energy sphere. In the defense fi eld, due to the scale of neglect and structural problems, the outcome of the Bundeswehr’s modernization remains uncertain.
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