Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
SP baner

Vol. 50 No. 4 (2022)

Exile, Trauma, Collaboration

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in the Russian-Ukrainian war

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/STP.2022.50.4.04
Submitted: December 5, 2022
Published: February 23, 2023

Abstract

The paper analyses the conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in the Russian-Ukraine war. The CRSV is a form of violence that affect men and women differently because of their assigned roles in society. Despite the existence in Russia and Ukraine of basic structural solutions to gender equality and a limited extent of female empowerment, the war is a symptom of unresolved problems and deep gender prejudice. Sexual violence is rooted in patriarchal societies and is strongly supported by culture, religion, nationalism, abuse of power, and imperial ambitions. The Authors address the question of whether or not femininity and masculinity are correlated with the cruelty of war and with the redistribution of militarism through the prism of gender-sensitive conflict analysis (GSCA). This approach enables a more comprehensive understanding of various forms of violence against men and women, identifies problems and measures to counter them and shows different types of violence used to hold on to and exercise power in the public and private spheres. To understand contemporary events in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, one can assume that many decisions not only affect gender but also condition it.

References

  1. ErtürkY.,UNCommisiononHumanRights,26.01.2006,E/CN.4/2006/61/Add.
  2. Nizhelska O. et al., Making Live Go On. How the War in Donbas Affects Civilians, East SOS 2018.
  3. Prokofieva L.M., Feminization of Poverty in Russia,The World Bank, Moscow 2020, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/638771468145464696/pdf/413400RU0ENGLI10of0poverty01PUBLIC1.pdf [dostęp 13.12.2022].
  4. Trimiño Mora D., J. Poch, This Is How Gender-Sensitive Conflict Analysis Improves Peacebuilding, 6.11.2020, https://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/news-and-analysis/post/915-this-is-how-gender-sensitive-conflict-analysis-improves-peacebuilding [dostęp 15.11.2022].
  5. Książki i rozdziały w pracach zbiorowych
  6. Attwood L., Rape and Domestic Violence Against Women, w: Post-Soviet Women from the Baltic to Central Asia, red. M. Buckley, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1997.
  7. Brownmiller S., The Enemy Within, w: Women’s Liberation. Blueprint for the Future, red. S. Stampler, Ace Books, New York 1970.
  8. Blyzniuk M., Kobiety w systemie bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy, w: Kobiety w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa, A. Gasztold, K. Oblińska, Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warszawa 2021.
  9. Corrin C. (ed.), Women in a Violent World: Feminist Analyses and Resistance across Europe, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1996.
  10. Corrin C. (ed.), Gender and Identity in Central and Eastern Europe, Routledge, London 1999.
  11. Derrida J., La carte postale de Socrate à Freud et au-delà, Aubier-Flammarion, Paris 1980.
  12. Fitzpatrick B., Tactical Rape in War and Conflict. International Recognition and Response, Policy Press, Bristol 2016.
  13. Gasztold A.,Feminist Perspectives onTerrorism. Critical Approaches to Security Studies, Springer Nature , Cham 2020.
  14. Gebhardt M., Crimes Unspoken: The Rape of German Women at the End of the Second World War, Polity Press, Cambridge 2017.
  15. Goldstein J.S., War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001.
  16. Hirschauer S., The Securitization of Rape. Women, War and Sexual Violence, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2014.
  17. Johnson J.E., Gender Violence in Russia. The Politics of Feminist Intervention, Indiana University Press, Bloomington–Indianapolis 2009.
  18. Kamiński Ł., Les drogues et la guerre, De l’Antiquité à nos jours, Nouveau Monde éditions, Paris 2017, s. 525–528.
  19. MacKinnon C.A., Are Women Human? And Other International Dialogues, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2006.
  20. Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, red. A. Stiglmayer, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1994.
  21. Münkler H., Die neuen Kriege, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002.
  22. Oblińska K., Rola Krajowego Planud ziałania w procesie realizacji Rezolucji Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ nr 1325 dotyczącej kobiet, pokoju i bezpieczeństwa na lata 2018–2021 – cele, zadania, wyzwania, w: InterdyscyplinarnyWymiar Bezpieczeństwa. Szanse, wyzwania, zagrożenia – stan obecny i perspektywy, red. K. Kraj, B. Łotocki, W. Zakrzewski, Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim, Gorzów Wielkopolski 2022, s. 235–239.
  23. Pietrzak E., I. Kuźma, Kobieta. Przestrzeń konfliktów. Pole walk. Szkice z antropologii politycznej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2021.
  24. Sally Engle M., Gender Violence: A Cultural Perspective, Wiley Blackwell, Chichester 2011.
  25. Stiehm J., Women and Men’s War, Pergamon, Oxford – New York 1983.
  26. Sperling V., Organizing Women in Contemporary Russia: Engendering Transition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990.
  27. Zabelina T., Sexual Violence Towards Women, w: Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia, red. H. Pilkington, Routledge, London 1996.
  28. Artykuły
  29. Aranburu H.A., Sexual Violence Beyond Reasonable Doubt: Using Pattern Evidence and Analysis for International Cases, „Leiden Journal of International Law” 2019, t. 35, nr 4.
  30. Baldwin G., Expanding Conceptions of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence among Military Peacekeepers, International Peace Institute, June 2022, https://www.ipinst.org/2022/06/conflict-related-sexual-violence-among-military-peacekeepers [dostęp 17.11.2022].
  31. Brown L.S., Not Outside the Range One Feminist Perspective on Psychic Trauma, „Psychoanalysis, Culture and Trauma” 1991, t. 48, nr 1.
  32. Capasso A. et al., Patterns of Gender-Based Violence in Conflict-Affected Ukraine: A Descriptive Analysis of Internally Displaced and Local Women Receiving Psychosocial Services, „Journal of Interpersonal Violence” 2021, t. 37, nr 23–24.
  33. Close S., H. Gruenewald, Gender-Sensitive Conflict Analysis: A New Training Method for Practitioners, „Journal of Peacebuilding & Development” 2019, t. 14, nr 3.
  34. Dalsjö R., M. Jonsson, J. Norber, A Brutal Examination: Russian Military Capability in Light of the Ukraine War, „Survival” 2002, t. 64, nr 3.
  35. Dudko O., A Conceptual Limbo of Genocide: Russian Rhetoric, Mass Atrocities in Ukraine, and the Current Definition’s Limits, „Canadian Slavonic Papers” 2022, t. 64, nr 2–3.
  36. Gasztold A., Perspektywa feministyczna w badaniach and terroryzmem, „Przegląd Politologiczny” 2018, nr 2.
  37. Gasztold A., The Problem of Security Through the Gendered Lens, „Annals of the University of Craiova, Series: Philology – English” 2016, t. 17, nr 1.
  38. Gomez S., A Measure of Justice: Alternatives to Pursuing Criminal Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Sri Lanka, „Violence Against Women” 2022, t. 28, nr 8.
  39. Hayden R.M., Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts: SexualViolenceinLiminalizedStates,„AmericanAnthropologist”2000, t. 102, nr 1.
  40. Koos C., Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts: Research Progress and Remaining Gaps, „Third World Quarterly” 2017, t. 38, nr 9.
  41. Kulick O., Gender and Violence in Ukraine: Changing How We Bear Witness To War, „Canadian Slavonic Papers” 2022, t. 64, nr 2–3.
  42. Marples D.R., Russia’s War Goals in Ukraine, „Canadian Slavonic Papers” 2022, t. 64, nr 2–3.
  43. Martsenyuk T., S.D. Phillips, Talking About Sexual Violence in Post-Maidan Ukraine: Analysis of the Online Campaign #IAmNotAfraidToSayIt, „Sexuality & Culture” 2020, t. 24, nr 2.
  44. Nijakowski L.M., Gwałt jako instytucja w czasie wojen i ludobójstw, „Narracje o Zagładzie” 2021, nr 1 (7).
  45. Źródła internetowe
  46. Cubała A., Zgwałcone w powstaniu. Przerażone nastolatki pytały szeptem starsze kobiety: czy „to”nie jest gorsze niż śmierć?, „Wysokie Obcasy”, 1.08.2022, https://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,150462,26174074,zgwalcone-w-powstaniu-przerazone-nastolatki-pytaly-szeptem.html [dostęp 2.12.22].
  47. Mikulska A., Uchodźczynie z Ukrainy: zagrożone handlem ludźmi. „Zacznijmy się wreszcie tym zajmować”, 11.03.2022, https://oko.press/uchodzczynie-z-ukrainy-zagrozone-handlem-ludzmi-zacznijmy-sie-wreszcie-tym-zajmowac [dostęp 1.12. 2022].

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.