Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
SM baner

Tom 72 Nr 2 (2019): Kryzys na świecie - świat w kryzysie

Bezpieczeństwo

Aktywna neutralność jako element polityki bezpieczeństwa Republiki Irlandii

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/SM.2019.72.2.07
Przesłane: 26 stycznia 2020
Opublikowane: 27 września 2019

Abstrakt

Unlike the countries that have decided to pursue a policy of neutrality due to historical conditions, such as Austria, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland, the Irish concept of active neutrality seems to be different and original. Separated from continental Europe by England, and later by the United Kingdom, and having gained independence after World War I, Ireland looked for an optimal model for its own security. Due to geographic conditions, a small population and industrial potential, neutrality was the optimal strategy for Ireland’s security. This article outlines the evolution of the concept of Irish neutrality ranging from the dogmatic and doctrinal one, based on nineteenth-century designs, to the active, flexible and pragmatic one, adapting to the requirements of a changing world. It also describes the successive stages of the transformation of the neutrality policy which were closely related to the subsequent stages of the Irish state’s independence. The paradoxes of Irish neutrality, such as the discrepancy between the official, governmental interpretation of the concept and its social perception, are also presented. The author also attempts to sort out the definitions of neutrality and define the concept of active neutrality.

Bibliografia

  1. Andrzejewski P., Neutralność w polityce zagranicznej Finlandii i Szwecji, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa–Poznań 1988.
  2. Averette J. W., At the periphery of incident. Irish neutrality and EU defense policy, National Defense Intelligence College, Washington 2009.
  3. Balcerowicz B., Obronność państwa średniego, Warszawa 1997.
  4. Devine K., A Comparative critique of the practice of Irish neutrality in the „unneutral” discourse, „Irish Studies in International Affairs” 2008, vol. 19.
  5. Devine K., Irish political parties attitudes towards neutrality and the evolution of the EU’s foreign, security and defence policies, „Irish Political Studies” 2009, vol. 24, No. 4.
  6. Devine K., Review of Ireland’s foreign policy and external relations, Dublin 2013.
  7. Devine K., Stretching the IR theoretical spectrum on Irish neutrality. A critical social constructivist framework, „International Political Science Review” 2008, vol. 29, No. 4.
  8. Finnegan R., Irish Neutrality?, „Signal Magazine”, Winter 2002.
  9. Grzybowski S., Historia Irlandii, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław 1998.
  10. Historia Irlandii, red. T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 1998.
  11. Ireland and the Second World War. Politics, society and remembrance, ed. B. Girvin, G. Roberts, Four Courts Press, Dublin 2000.
  12. Jesse N. G., Choosing to go it alone. Irish neutrality in theoretical and comparative perspective, „International Political Science Review” 2006, vol. 27, No. 1.
  13. Jesse N. G., Contemporary Irish neutrality. Still a singular stance, „New Hibernia Review” 2007, vol. 11, No. 1.
  14. Konarski W., Pragmatycy i idealiści. Rodowód, typologia i ewolucja ugrupowań politycznych nacjonalizmu irlandzkiego w XX wieku, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna, Warszawa–Pułtusk 2001.
  15. Kowalicka M., Polityka neutralności współcześnie, „International Journal of Management and Economics” 2004, vol. 15.
  16. Mathea G., Bezpieczeństwo Wysp Brytyjskich w kontekście procesu pokojowego w Irlandii Północnej, Towarzystwo Naukowe Powszechne, Warszawa 2017.
  17. Ó Riain S., The rise and fall of Ireland’s Celtic tiger, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2014.
  18. Papisca A., Active neutrality with the new international law. Reflections from a politics of law perspective, „Peace Human Rights Governance” 2017, vol. 1, No. 3.
  19. Popławski D., Austriacka polityka neutralności. 1955−1995, Scholar, Warszawa 1995.
  20. Popławski D., Polityka neutralności i bezaliansowości, [w:] Poziomy analizy stosunków międzynarodowych, red. E. Haliżak, M. Pietraś, Rambler, Warszawa 2013.
  21. Ryan Ph., „Neutrality is different now” says Varadkar, „Independent” [online], 24 XII 2017 [dostęp: 14 V 2018], dostępny w internecie: <https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/neutrality-is-different-now-says-varadkar-36434630.html>.
  22. Schwanberg P., Ireland’s neutrality and European Security Policy Integration, University of Twente, Münster 2012.
  23. Sweeney D., Ireland, the Lisbon referendums, and the ongoing debate on European security, „Global Studies Journal” 2016, vol. 9, issue 1.
  24. Toboła-Pertkiewicz P., De Valera. Gigant polityki irlandzkiej i jego epoka, Prohibita, Warszawa 2015.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.