Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
SP baner

Tom 50 Nr 3 (2022)

Systemy polityczne

Authoritarianism as a ‘Wicked Problem’ in Contemporary International Relations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/STP.2022.50.3.05
Przesłane: 12 stycznia 2023
Opublikowane: 30 grudnia 2022

Abstrakt

This study explores the concept of authoritarianism. The author defines this concept as a form of a political system in which the power and material resources of the state have been centralised, appropriated and put at the disposal of either an individual or an elitist group in power. In this way, the possibilities of integrating the authoritarian state with global international relations are limited, and the vital administrative institutions of the state have been manipulated and appropriated. The applied research method allows for interpreting the discussed issues in a complex – albeit specific – systemic form, characteristic of not only politically fragile or declining countries and regions but also of politically stable and economically developed ones.
The author’s analysis presents and reinterprets the issue of contemporary authoritarian regimes in the context of international relations in terms that not only define but often legitimise some of the most despotic, autocratic and hegemonic forms of political systems in modern times.

Bibliografia

  1. Art R.J., K.M. Greenhill, Coercion: An Analytical Overview, in: Coercion: The Power to Hurt in International Politics, eds. K.M. Greenhill, P. Krause (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2018, pp. 3–32.
  2. Auyero J., P. Lapegna, F. Page-Poma, Patronage Politics and Contentious Collective Action: A Recursive Relationship, „Latin American Politics and Society” 2009, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1–31.
  3. Aydin M., New Geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Causes of Instability and Predicament, Strategic Research Center, Ankara 2000.
  4. Beetham D., The Legitimation of Power, Macmillan Education, Houndmills – Basingstoke – Hampshire 1991.
  5. Blackwood M.A., Kyrgyz Republic Set to Hold Snap Presidential Election and Constitutional Referendum after Parliamentary Elections Annulled, Congressional Research Service Report IN11517, Washington 2020.
  6. Bruder J., The US and the New Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan) since 1991, in: Managing Security Threats along the EU’s Eastern Flanks, ed. R. Fawn, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2020, pp. 69–97.
  7. Brzeziński Z.K., C.J. Friedrich, Totalitarian Regimes and Autocracy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1965.
  8. Burt J.M., Violencia y autoritarismo en el Perú. Bajo la sombra de Sendero y la dictadura de Fujimori, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima 2011.
  9. Byman D., M. Waxman, The Dynamics of Coercion: American Foreign Policy and the Limits of Military Might, Cambridge University Press, New York 2002.
  10. Cheeseman N., J. Fisher, Authoritarian Africa: Repression, Resistance, and the Power of Ideas, Oxford University Press, New York 2021.
  11. Diederich B., Somoza and the Legacy of U.S. Involvement in Central America, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton, NJ 2007.
  12. Dukalskis A., J. Gerschewski, What Autocracies Say (and what Citizens Hear): Proposing Four Mechanisms of Autocratic Legitimation, „Contemporary Politics” 2017, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 251–268.
  13. Ellis D.P., The Hobbesian Problem of Order: A Critical Appraisal of the Normative Solution, „American Sociological Review” 1971, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 692–703.
  14. Fawn R., The Price and Possibilities of Going East? The European Union and Wider Europe, the European Neighborhood and the Eastern Partnership, in: Managing Security Threats along the EU’s Eastern Flanks, ed. R. Fawn, Palgrave Macmillan, New York – London 2020.
  15. Ficek R., Tanzania. Narodziny i funkcjonowanie państwa, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2007.
  16. Gerschewski J., The Three Pillars of Stability: Legitimation, Repression, and Co-optation in Autocratic Regimes, „Democratization” 2013, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 13–38
  17. Hechter M., Principles of Group Solidarity, University of California Press, Berkeley 1987.
  18. Huntington S.P., Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, New Haven – London 2006.
  19. International Crisis Group, Political Transition in Kyrgyzstan: Problems and Prospects, Osh–Brussels 2004.
  20. Jencks Ch., Varieties of Altruism, in: Beyond Self-Interest, ed. J Mansbridge, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990, pp. 54–67.
  21. Kiernan B., How Pol Pot Came to Power: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Communism in Cambodia, 1930–1975, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2004.
  22. Kornbluh P., The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability, The New Press, New York 2013.
  23. LaFeber W., Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America, W.W. Norton & Company, New York – London 1993.
  24. Lankov A., The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia, Oxford University Press, New York 2013.
  25. Linz J.J., An Authoritarian Regime: Spain, in: Cleavages, Ideologies, and Party Systems: Contributions to Comparative Political Sociology, eds. E. Allardt, Y. Littunen, The Academic Bookstore, Helsinki 1964, pp. 291–341.
  26. Linz J.J., Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO 2000.
  27. Liu T., The Political Legitimacy of the Communist Party of China From the Perspective of Constitution, „Asian Journal of Social Science Studies” 2018, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 71–76.
  28. Meyer P.J., Costa Rica: Background and U.S. Relations, Congressional Research Service R40593, Washington 2010.
  29. Miranda C.R., Stroessner Era: Authoritarian Rule in Paraguay, Westview Press, Boulder, CO 1990.
  30. Morales V., M. Barros, Populismo y derechos ciudadanos: anotaciones sobre un vínculo errante, „Latinoamérica. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos” 2018, núm. 67, pp. 119–144.
  31. Nichol J., Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, Congressional Research Service Report RL33453, Washington 2014.
  32. O’Donnell G., Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics, University of California Intl, Berkeley, Cal., 1973.
  33. Oner I., Nicolas Maduro: A Populist without Popularity, European Centre for Populist Studies, Brussels 2021.
  34. Peñaloza C., Chávez, el delfin de Fidel: la historia secreta del golpe del 4 de febrero, Alexandria Library, Miami 2014.
  35. Rittel H.W.J., M.M. Webber, Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning, „Policy Sciences” 1973, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 155–169.
  36. Roter P., Bojinović A., Croatia and the European Union: A Troubled Relationship, „Mediterranean Politics” 2005, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 447–454.
  37. Sartori G., The Theory of Democracy Revisited, Chatham House Publishers, Chatham, NJ 1987.
  38. Scatizza P., Anti-Subversive Repression and Dictatorship in Argentina: An Approach from Northern Patagonia, in: The Argentinian Dictatorship and its Legacy Rethinking the Proceso, eds. J. Grigera, L. Zorzoli, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2020, pp. 47–66.
  39. Schumacher T., Introduction: The Study of Euro-Mediterranean Cultural and Social Co-operation in Perspective, „Mediterranean Politics” 2005, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 281–290.
  40. Schumacher T., The Mediterranean as a New Foreign Policy Challenge? Sweden and the Barcelona Process, „Mediterranean Politics” 2001, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 81–102.
  41. Sears D.O., C.L. Funk, The Role of Self-Interest in Social and Political Attitudes, „Advances in Experimental Social Psychology” 1991, vol. 24, pp. 1–91.
  42. Sechser T.S., A Bargaining Theory of Coercion, in: Coercion: The Power to Hurt in International Politics, eds. K.M. Greenhill, P. Krause, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2018, pp. 55–76.
  43. Skidmore T.E., The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964–1985, Oxford University Press, New York – Oxford 1988.
  44. Suchman M.C., Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches, „Academy of Management Review” 1995, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 571–610.
  45. Tretyakov S., The Concept of Legal Coercion and Power-Conferring Legal Regimes, „Russian Law Journal” 2017, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 33–56.
  46. Wilson A., Ukraine Crisis, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2014.
  47. Wulffen B., Das Phänomen Perón: Populismus in Lateinamerika, Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2018.
  48. Yom S., The Context of Political Life: Geography, Economics, and Social Forces, in: Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa: Development, Democracy, and Dictatorship, ed. S. Yom, Routledge, New York 2020, pp. 39–77.
  49. Zagorski A., EU Policies towards Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Geneva 2002.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.