Tom 54 Nr 3 (2026): Wyobraźnia polityczna
Artykuły
Islamofobia i antyeuropocentryzm w epoce postliberalnej: realizm polityczny, liberalizm rozwojowy i demokracja
Abstrakt
Artykuł podejmuje problem islamofobii w perspektywie wykraczającej poza dominujące ujęcia socjologiczne i politologiczne. Islamofobia interpretowana jest tu nie tylko jako forma uprzedzenia i wykluczenia społecznego, lecz także jako przejaw głębszych napięć epistemologicznych i ontologicznych związanych z kryzysem liberalnej nowoczesności oraz rosnącym znaczeniem nurtów postkolonialnych i antyeuropocentrycznych. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona jest pracom Waela Hallaqa, którego koncepcja ontologicznej niekompatybilności islamu i nowoczesności zostaje zinterpretowana jako forma postkolonialnego realizmu politycznego prowadzącego do „auto-orientalizacji” i reprodukcji antagonizmu między „islamem” a „Zachodem”. Alternatywę dla tego stanowiska stanowi rozwijana przez Jassera Audę teoria makasid asz-szariʿa, oparta na pluralizmie epistemologicznym, systemowym rozumieniu prawa muzułmańskiego oraz orientacji na rozwój człowieka, dobrostan i sprawiedliwość społeczną. Perspektywa ta usytuowana jest w szerszych ramach liberalizmu rozwojowego i demokracji rozwojowej reprezentowanych przez Johna Stuarta Milla, Johna Deweya i C. B. Macphersona. W obrębie tak zarysowanych ram teoretycznych islamofobia ujęta jest jako forma niesprawiedliwości epistemicznej i ontologicznej, wynikająca z procesów esencjalizacji i polaryzacji. Tekst dowodzi, że paradygmat makasid stwarza bardziej obiecujące podstawy dialogu między tradycjami muzułmańskimi i zachodnimi niż współczesny zwrot realistyczny, umożliwiając reinterpretację relacji między islamem, demokracją i nowoczesnością w kategoriach pluralizmu, współzależności i wspólnego rozwoju.
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