Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
Civitas baner

Tom 26 (2020): TEOLOGIE POLITYCZNE I KRYZYS NOWOCZESNOŚCI

Temat numeru

„Ryszard II to ja”. Teoria dwóch ciał króla i elżbietańska praktyka polityczna

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/CIV.2020.26.03
Przesłane: 29 września 2020
Opublikowane: 29 września 2020

Abstrakt

The purpose of the article is to show how the doctrine of the King’s Two Bodies formulated by lawyer Edmund Plowden influenced political practice and its artistic representation. It is worth emphasising that the image of the king as a one-man corporation includes an immanent conflict resulting not only from the coexistence of conflicting identities in one person, but also from the need to constantly negotiate relations between them. Therefore, the concept of two bodies could simultaneously serve as a tool for legitimising and contesting power. This paradox is well illustrated by Queen Elizabeth I’s famous declaration “Richard II is Me”, which has been intriguing researchers for decades and receiving extensive comments. So far it has not been placed in the context of the doctrine of the King’s Two Bodies, in which it sounds probably most fully. The perspective of abolished temporality inscribed in it sheds a new light on the queen’s identification with Richard II: both the historical ruler and the hero of the Shakespearean chronicle.

Bibliografia

  1. Albright E.M., Shakespeare’s Richard II and the Essex Conspiracy, „PMLA” 1927, nr 3.
  2. Armas F.A. de, The Return of Astraea. An Astral-Imperial Myth in Calderón, The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington 1986.
  3. Armitage D., Shakespeare’s Properties, w: Shakespeare and Early Modern Political Thought, red. D. Armitage, C. Condren, A. Fitzmaurice, Cambridge University Press, New York 2009.
  4. Ashby R., „Pierced to the Soul”. The Politics of the Gaze in „Richard II”, „Shakespeare” 2015, t. 11, nr 2.
  5. Axton M., The Influence of Edmund Plowden’s Succession Treatise, „Huntington Library Quarterly” 1974, t. 37, nr 3.
  6. Axton M., The Queen’s Two Bodies. Drama and the Elizabethan Succession, Royal Historical Society, London 1977.
  7. Benjamin W., Źródła dramatu żałobnego w Niemczech, przeł. A. Kopacki, Wydawnictwo Sic!, Warszawa 2013.
  8. Bloch M., Królowie cudotwórcy. Studium na temat nadprzyrodzonego charakteru przypisywanego władzy królewskiej zwłaszcza we Francji i w Anglii, przeł. J.M. Kłoczowski, Volumen – Bellona, Warszawa 1998.
  9. Booth T., A Body Politic to Govern. The Political Humanism of Elizabeth I, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne 2013.
  10. Chronicles of the Revolution, 1397–1400. The Reign of Richard II, red. C. Given-Wilson, Manchester University Press, Manchester 1993.
  11. Clare J., The Censorship of the Deposition Scene in „Richard II”, „The Review of English Studies” 1990, t. 41.
  12. Clegg C.S., „By the Choise and Inuitation of al the Realme”. „Richard II” and Elizabethan Press Censorship, „Shakespeare Quarterly” 1997, t. 48, nr 4.
  13. Coke E., Calvins’ Case (1608), w: idem, The Reports, t. 7, Rivington, London 1777.
  14. Doran S., The Queen, w: The Elizabethan World, red. S. Doran, N. Jones, Routledge, London 2011.
  15. Doty J.S., Shakespeare’s Richard II. „Popularity”, and the Early Modern Public Sphere, „Shakespeare Quarterly” 2010, t. 61, nr 2.
  16. Elizabeth I, Collected Works, red. L.S. Marcus, J. Mueller, M.B. Rose, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2000.
  17. [An] English Chronicle of the Reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI, red. J.S. Davies, Camden Society, London 1856.
  18. Frye S., Elizabeth I. The Competition for Representation, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993.
  19. Geertz C., Centra, królowie, charyzma, w: idem, Wiedza lokalna. Dalsze eseje z zakresu antropologii interpretatywnej, przeł. D. Wolska, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2005.
  20. Greenblatt S., Fifty Years of The King’s Two Bodies, „Representations” 2009, t. 106, nr 1.
  21. Greenblatt S., Niewidzialne kule. Władza i jej obalenie w dobie rensesansu, przeł. J. Sadowska, A. Szwach, K. Williams, „Dialog” 2010, nr 5 (55).
  22. Halpern R., The King’s Two Buckets. Kantorowicz, Richard II, and Fiscal Trauerspiel, „Representations” 2009, t. 106, nr 1.
  23. Hamilton D., The State of Law in „Richard II”, „Shakespeare Quarterly” 1983, t. 34, nr 1.
  24. Hammer P.E.J., Shakespeare’s Richard II. The Play of 7 February 1601, and the Essex Rising, „Shakespeare Quarterly” 2008, t. 59, nr 1.
  25. Hartley T.E., Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I, t. 1, Leicester University Press, Leicester 1981.
  26. Haverkamp A., Richard II, Bracton, and the End of Political Theology, „Law and Literature” 2004, t. 16, nr 3.
  27. Herrero M., On Political Theology. The Hidden Dialogue between C. Schmitt and Ernst H. Kantorowicz in „The King’s Two Bodies”, „History of European Ideas” 2015, t. 41, nr 8.
  28. Hethe, Archebishoppe of Yorke His Oration Made in the Parliament House, 1559, w: Annals of the Reformation and Establishment of Religion, and Other Various Occurrences in the Church of England, during Queen Elizabeth’s Happy Reign, red. J. Strype, Clarendon, Oxford 1824.
  29. Höfele A., No Hamlets, German Shakespeare from Friedrich Nietzsche to Carl Schmitt, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016.
  30. Hutson L., Imagining Justice, Kantorowicz and Shakespeare, „Representations” 2009, t. 106, nr 1.
  31. Hutson L., Not the King’s Two Bodies. Reading the „Body Politic” in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, cz. 1–2, w: Rhetoric and Law in Early Modern Europe, red. V.A. Kahn, L. Hutson, Yale University Press, New Haven 2001.
  32. [The] Image and Perception of Monarchy in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, red. S. McGlynn, E. Woodacre, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne 2014.
  33. Jakub VI Stuart, Basilikon Doron, przeł. M. Misztal, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, Kraków 2006.
  34. Jan z Salisbury, Policraticus, przeł. M. Kruk, Verba, Lublin 2008.
  35. Johnson P., Elizabeth I. A Study in Power and Intellect, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1974.
  36. Kahn V., Political Theology and Fiction, „Representations” 2009, nr 1.
  37. Kantorowicz E., Dwa ciała króla. Studium ze średniowiecznej teologii politycznej, przeł. M. Michalski, A. Krawiec, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2007.
  38. Keyishian H., Punishment Theory in the Renaissance. The Law and the Drama, w: Shakespeare and the Law, red. P. Raffield, G. Watt, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2008.
  39. Kizelbach U., The Pragmatics of Early Modern Politics. Power and Kingship in Shakespeare’s History Plays, Rodopi, Amsterdam – New York 2014.
  40. Knox [J. Knox], First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, w: The Works of John Knox, [J. Crespin, Geneva] 1558.
  41. Lambarde W., Eirenarcha, or of the Office of the Iustices of Peace in two Bookes, Imprinted by Newbery, and Bynneman, London 1581.
  42. Levin C., The Heart and Stomach of a King. Elizabeth I and the Politics of Sex and Power, The University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1994.
  43. Levine M., The Early Elizabethan Succession Question, 1558–1568, Stanford University Press, Stanford 1966.
  44. Lives of the Queens of England, t. 3, red. A. Strickland, wyd. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia 1852.
  45. Majumder D., Tyranny and Usurpation. The New Prince and Lawmaking Violence in Early Modern Drama, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool 2019.
  46. McLaren A.N., Political Culture in the Reign of Elizabeth I. Queen and Commonwealth 1558–1585, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004.
  47. [The] Mirror for Magistrates, red. L.B. Campbell, Cambridge University Press, London 1938.
  48. Montrose L., „Shaping Fantasies”. Figurations of Gender and Power in Elizabethan Culture, w: Representing the English Renaissance, red. S. Greenblatt, University of California Press, Berkeley 1988.
  49. Montrose L., Elizabeth through the Looking Glass. Picturing the Queen’s Two Bodies, w: The Body of the Queen, Gender and Rule in the Courtly World, 1500–2000, red. R. Schulte, Berghahn Books, New York 2006.
  50. Montrose L., The Subject of Elizabeth, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2006.
  51. Nichols J., Progresses, Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, t. 3, J. Nichols and Son, London 1823.
  52. Norbrook D., The Emperor’s New Body? „Richard II”, Ernst Kantorowicz, and the Politics of Shakespeare Criticism, „Textual Practice” 1996, nr 10.
  53. Norbrook D., A Liberal Tongue, Language and Rebellion in „Richard II”, w: Shakespeare’s Universe. Renaissance Ideas and Conventions. Essays in Honour of W.R. Elton, red. J. M. Mucciolo, S. J. Doloff, E. A. Rauchert, Scholar’s Press, Aldershot 1996.
  54. Nugae Antiquae Being a Miscellaneous Collection of Original Papers, in Prose and Verse, t. 1, red. J. Harrington, Vernor and Hood, London 1804.
  55. Orgel S., Illusion of Power, University of California Press, Berkeley 1974.
  56. Plowden E., A Treatise of the Two Bodies of the King, British Library, sygn. Harley 849.
  57. Plowden E., Commentaries or Reports, S. Brooke, London 1816.
  58. Post Walton K., The English Succession Crisis and Debates about Mary Stewart. Law, National Identity, Citizenship and the Queen’s Two Bodies, w: eadem, Catholic Queen, Protestant Patriarchy, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2007.
  59. Practices and Treasons Attempted and Committed by Robert, Earl of Essex, and His Complices, London 1601, fol. K3r.
  60. Queen Elizabeth and Her Times; a Series of Original Letters, t. 2, red. T. Wright, wyd. H. Colburn, London, 1838.
  61. Raffield P., Law and the Equivocal Image. Sacred and Profane in Royal Portraiture, w: Visualizing Law and Authority. Essays on Legal Aesthetics. Law and Literature, red. L. Dahlberg, De Gruyter, Berlin 2013.
  62. Raffield P., Representing the Body of Law in Early Modern England, w: Performing the Renaissance Body. Essays on Drama, Law, and Representation, red. J. Drakakis, S. Fiorato, De Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 2016.
  63. Raffield P., Shakespeare’s Imaginary Constitution. Late Elizabethan Politics and the Theatre of Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2010.
  64. [A] Report of her Majestie’s Most Gratious Answere, Delivered by Her selfe verbally, to the First Petitions of the Lords and Commons ... the XII Day of November 1586, w: A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts, t. 1, red. W. Scott, wyd. T. Cordeil and W. Davies, London 1809.
  65. Riehl A., The Face of Queenship. Early Modern Representations of Elizabeth I, Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2010.
  66. Rust J.R., The Body in Mystery. The Political Theology of the Corpus Mysticum in the Literature of Reformation England, Northwestern University Press, Evanston 2014.
  67. Sale C., „The King is a Thing”. The King’s Prerogative and the Treasure of the Realm in Plowden’s Report of the Case of Mines and Shakespeare’s Hamlet, w: Shakespeare and the Law, red. P. Raffield, G. Watt, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2008.
  68. Saslow J.M., The Medici Wedding of 1589. Florentine Festival as Theatrum Mundi, Yale University Press, New Haven 1996.
  69. Schmitt C., Teologia polityczna. Cztery rozdziały poświęcone nauce o suwerenności, w: idem, Teologia polityczna i inne pisma, przeł. M.A. Cichocki, Aletheia, Warszawa 2012.
  70. Scott-Warren J., Was Elizabeth I Richard II? The Authenticity of Lambarde’s „Conversation”, „The Review of English Studies” 2013, t. 64, nr 264.
  71. Shakespeare and the Body Politic, red. J. Dobski, D. Gish, Lexington Books, Lanham 2013.
  72. Shakespeare W., Hamlet, przeł. J. Iwaszkiewicz, w, idem, Dwanaście dramatów, t. 2, Świat Książki, Warszawa 1999.
  73. [Shakespeare W.], Dzieła dramatyczne Williama Shakespeare (Szekspira) w dwunastu tomach, przeł. L. Urlich, Nakład Gebethnera i Spółki, Kraków 1895, t. 1, 3. Tu: Król Henryk IV. Część druga (t. 3); Król Henryk V (t. 3); Król Ryszard II (t. 1).
  74. [Shakespeare W.], Król Ryszard II, w: Dzieła Williama Szekspira, przeł. S. Koźmian, red. Henryk Biegeleisen, t. 3: Dramaty królewskie, Księgarnia Polska, Lwów 1895.
  75. Shakespeare W., King Richard II, red. A. Gurr, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984.
  76. Shakespeare W., Ryszard II, przeł. P. Kamiński, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2009.
  77. Shakespeare W., Życie Henryka V, przeł. L. Ulrich, w: idem, Dzieła dramatyczne, t. 3, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warszawa 1973.
  78. Shenk L., Learned Queen. The Image of Elizabeth I in Politic and Poetry, Palgrave Macmillian, New York 2010.
  79. Shoemaker K., The King’s Two Bodies as Lamentation, „Law, Culture and the Humanities” 2014.
  80. Tennenhouse L., Power on Display. The Politics of Shakespeare’s Genres, Methuen, New York 1986.
  81. Tudor Constitutional Documents. A.D. 1485–1603, red. J.R. Tanner, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1930.
  82. Vyroubalová E., Wood R.J., Propping up the King’s Two Bodies in „Richard II”, „Early English Studies” 2011, nr 4.
  83. Walker G., The Politics of Performance in Early Renaissance Drama, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.
  84. Whitelock A., The Queen’s Two Bodies. The Image and Reality of the Body of Elizabeth I, w: The Image and Perception of Monarchy in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, red. S. McGlynn, E. Woodacre, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Cambridge 2014.
  85. Winston J., A Mirror for Magistrates and Public Political Discourse in Elizabethan England, „Studies in Philology” 2004, t. 101, nr 4.
  86. Yates F.A., Queen Elizabeth as Astraea, „Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes” 1947, t. 10.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.