The beginning of Leo XIV’s pontificate coincided with numerous international controversies, political instability in many countries, and growing social threats. The disturbing geopolitical situation was accompanied by multifaceted criticism of Vatican diplomacy, intended to confirm its diminishing importance in maintaining the world order. In undertaking the task of continuing Pope Francis’ mission, Leo XIV faced the difficult legacy of his predecessor, which in many respects demands a genuine revision. In this context, the most important challenges of international politics facing the Vatican on the threshold of a new pontificate emerge. Among them, two seem also important for the Holy See’s position in the international arena and they form the research field of this analysis.
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