Abstract
The following paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the normative basis of Mongolia’s foreign policy, a landlocked country in Northeast Asia. The paper examines Mongolian foreign relations from a legal perspective, focusing on the Concept of foreign policy, the National Security Concept, and bilateral treaties concluded by Mongolia with its major external partners – Russia and China. It argues that Mongolia, a relatively small—in terms of political power—the nation has developed a successful strategy of balancing between neighbouring powers and takes advantage of deepening relations with countries like the US and Japan, called “a third neighbour”, and strengthens its international position, fostering North East Asian peace-building processes.
References
- Ayushneva I.G., Sovremennaya kontseptsiya vneshney politiki Mongolii – popytka preodoleniya bufernogo kharaktera gosudarstvennosti, „Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta” 2008, nr 316 [Аюшнева И.Г., Современная концепция внешней политики Монголии попытка преодоления буферного характера государственности, „Вестник Томского государственного университета” 2008].
- Batbayar T., Foreign policy and domestic reform in Mongolia, „Central Asian Survey” 2003, t. 22, nr 1.
- Bazarov V.B., Strategicheskoye partnerstvo vo vneshney politike Mongolii, „Vlast’” 2019, nr 6 [Базаров В.Б., Стратегическое партнерство во внешней политике Монголии, „Власть” 2019].
- Bazylow L., Historia Mongolii, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław 1981.
- Bedeski R.E., Mongolia as a Modern Sovereign Nation-State, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2006, nr 13.
- Calder K., Ye, The Making of Northeast Asia, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2010.
- Campi A., Modern Mongolian-Chinese Strategic Relations: Challenges for the New Century, US-Mongolia Advisory Group, Ulaanbaataar 2004.
- Campi A., Mongolia and the Dilemmas of Deepening Eurasian Continentalism, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2018, nr 20.
- Concept of Mongolia’s Foreign Policy, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 1995, nr 2.
- Concept of Mongolia’s Foreign Policy, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2018, nr 20.
- Concept of National Security of Mongolia, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 1995, nr 2.
- Czachor R., Polityka wielowektorowości Republiki Białoruś – geneza, podstawy konceptualne, przykłady realizacji, „Wrocławski Przegląd Międzynarodowy” 2011, nr 1.
- Czachor R., Stała neutralność państwa w prawie międzynarodowym publicznym, Instytut Profesjonalnego Rozwoju, Wrocław 2019.
- Dierkes J., Mendee J., Mongolia in an Emerging Northeast Asian Region, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2018, nr 20.
- Enkhsaikhan J., Mongolia’s non-nuclear status: an important element of foreign policy, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2006, nr 13.
- Fish M.S., The Inner Asian anomaly: Mongolia’s democratization in comparative perspective, „Communist and Post-Communist Studies” 2001, t. 34, nr 3.
- Goh E., Great power and hierarchy order in Southeast Asia: analyzing regional security strategies, „International Security” 2007, t. 32 nr 3.
- Hong S., Mediation and Mongolia’s foreign policy, „The Pacific Review” 2022, vol. 35, nr 4.
- Jang J., Kim K., Mongolia becoming a permanent neutral nation? Focusing on the debate and challenges of the permanent neutral nation policy, „The Pacific Review” https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2023.2184853.
- Kojło S., Polska-Mongolia: gospodarka, współpraca, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa 1972.
- Kula M., Kilka uwag na marginesie historii Mongolii, „Przegląd Historyczny” 1985, nr 76/2.
- Mongolia in the Twentieth Century. Landlocked Cosmopolitan, S. Kotkin. B.A. Elleman, M.E. Sharpe (red.), Armonk NY 1999.
- National Security Concept, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2018, nr 20.
- Noosgoy A., Kitaysko-mongol’skiye otnosheniya v ramkakh vseob’yemlyushchego strategicheskogo sotrudnichestva: zhelaniya i real’nost’, „Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitaye” 2018, nr 1 [Ноосгой А., Китайско-монгольские отношения в рамках всеобъемлющего стратегического сотрудничества: желания и реальность, „Общество и государство в Китае” 2018].
- Ochirkhuyag B., Is Mongolia’s ’Third Neighbor Policy’ Truly Effective?, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2024, t. 24, nr 1.
- Reeves J., Mongolia’s evolving security strategy: omni-enmeshment and balance of influence, „The Pacific Review” 2012, t. 25, nr 5.
- Rodionov V.A., Ayushneva I.G., „Tretiy sosed” Mongolii kak ideyno-politicheskiy kontsept, „Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta” 2017, nr 420 [Родионов В.А., Аюшнева И.Г., „Третий сосед” Монголии как идейно-политический концепт, „Вестник Томского государственного университета” 2017].
- Rodionov V.A., Natsional’naya bezopasnost’ Mongolii v kontekste otnoshe-niy s Rossiyey, „Vlast’” 2013, nr 2 [Родионов В.А., Национальная безопасность Монголии в контексте отношений с Россией, „Власть” 2013].
- Rodionov V.A., Rossiya i Mongoliya: novaya model’ otnosheniy v nachale XXI veka, Izdatel’stvo BNTS SO RAN, Ula-Ude 2009 [Родионов В.А., Россия и Монголия: новая модель отношений в начале XXI века, Издательство БНЦ СО РАН, Улан-Удэ 2009].
- Sanallkhundev B., Third Neighbor Policy Concept in Mongolia’s Geopolitics, „Mongolian Journal of International Affairs” 2021, t. 22, nr 1.
- Ulambayar D., Mongolia’s „third neighbor” policy: nature and purpose, „World Affairs” 2015, nr 2.
- Vanderhill R., Joireman S.F., Tulepbayeva R., Between the bear and the dragon: multivectorism in Kazakhstan as a model strategy for secondary powers, „International Affairs” 2020, t. 96, nr 4.
- Yakushev S., Mongoliya v sovremennoy sisteme mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy, „Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya” 2010, nr 8 [Якушев С., Монголия в современной системе международных отношений, „Мировая экономика и международные отношения” 2010].
- Yaskina G.S., Mongoliya i vneshniy mir, Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, Moskva 2002 [Яскина Г.С., Монголия и внешний мир, Институт Востоковедения РАН, Москва 2002].
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
