Перейти к главному меню навигации Перейти к основному контенту Перейти к нижнему колонтитулу сайта

Том 49 № 3 (2021)

Общество

The Crisis of Confessionalism: Lebanon between Tradition and Modernity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/STP.2021.49.3.07
Прислана: декабря 18, 2021
Опубликован: декабря 15, 2021

Аннотация

This article contains the analysis of the Lebanese protests that started in October 2019 and attempts to explain their background. The main argument is that the Lebanese consociational system is undergoing a deep crisis. There is a growing disparity between the existing political system and ongoing social changes. The article argues that the reason for the socio-political tensions lies in the clash between two distinctive and competing discourses about the future shape of the Lebanese political system: the confessional discourse and the secular or reformist discourse.

Библиографические ссылки

  1. Aboultaif W.E., Power Sharing in Lebanon. Consociationalism Since 1820, Routledge, London 2019.
  2. Bahlawan N., Nowe ruchy społeczne wobec systemu politycznego w Libanie po 1990 roku, Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN, Warszawa 2019.
  3. Baaklini A., Political and Legislative Development: Lebanon 1842–1972, Duke University Press, Durham 1976.
  4. Cammett M., Issar S., Bricks and Mortar Clientelism: Sectarianism and the Logics of Welfare Allocation in Lebanon, „World Politics” 2010, Vol. 62, Issue 03, p. 381–421.
  5. Clark J.A., Salloukh B.F., Elite Strategies, Civil Society and Sectarian Identities in Postwar Lebanon, „International Journal of Middle East Studies” 2013, Vol. 45, p. 731–749.
  6. Dubar C., Nasr S., Les classes sociales au Liban, Presses de la Fondation nationales de sciences politique, Paris 1976.
  7. Faour M., The Silent Revolution in Lebanon: Changing Values of the Youth, American University of Beirut Press, Beirut 1998.
  8. Fakhoury-Muelbaher T. (2019), Power-sharing after the Arab Spring? Insights from Lebanon’s Political Transition, „Nationalism and Ethnic Politics”, 2019, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 9–26.
  9. Fakhoury-Muelbaher T., Democracy and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather. The Case of Lebanon, Springer VS 2009.
  10. Gebara K., Reconstruction Survey: The Political Economy of Corruption in Post-War Lebanon, Lebanese Transparency Association, Beirut 2007.
  11. Hanf T., The Sacred Marker. Religion, Communalism and Nationalism, „Social Compass” 1994, Vol. 41, No. 4, p. 9–20.
  12. Horowitz D.J., Constitutional Change and Democracy in Indonesia, Cambridge University Press, New York 2013.
  13. Inglehart R., Post-Materialism in an Environment of Insecurity, „The American Political Science Review” 1981, Vol. 75, No. 4, 880–900.
  14. Jelonek A.W., Dylematy konsocjonalizmu: przypadek Malezji, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa 2004.
  15. Karam K., Le mouvement civil au Liban. Revendications, protestations et mobilisations associatives dans l’après-guerre, Karthala, Paris 2006.
  16. Karam K., An Analysis of Political Change in Lebanon in the Light of Recent Mobilization Cycles, in: The Arab State and Neoliberal Globalization.
  17. Restructuring of State Power in the Middle East, eds. L. Guazzone, D. Pioppi, Ithaca Press, Ithaca 2009, p. 47–72.
  18. Kendhammer B., Getting Our Piece of the National Cake: Consociational Power Sharing and Neopatrimonialism in Nigeria, „Nationalism and Ethnic Politics” 2015, Vol. 21, No. 2, p. 143–165.
  19. Khalaf S., Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon. A History of the Internalization of Communal Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York 2002.
  20. Kingston P., Reproducing Sectarianism: Advocacy Networks and The Politics of Civil Society in Post-War Lebanon, Suny Press, New York 2013.
  21. Kingston P., Patrons, Clients and Civil Society. A Case of Study of Environmental Politics in Postwar Lebanon, „Arab Studies Quarterly” 2001, Vol. 23, No. 1, 55–72.
  22. Lijphart A., Democracy in Plural Societies. A Comparative Exploration, Yale University Press, London 1977.
  23. Lijphart A., Thinking about Democracy: Power Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice, Routledge, London 2008.
  24. Makdisi U., The Culture of Sectarianism. Community, History and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon, I.B. Tauris, Berkeley – Los Angeles – London 2000.
  25. Makdisi S., Marktanner M. (2009), Trapped By Consociationalism: The Case of Lebanon, „Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies” 2009, Vol. 11: Middle East Economic Association and Loyola University Chicago, http://www.luc.edu/orgs/meea/ [11.12.2019].
  26. Messarra A., Théorie générale du système politique libanais, Cariscript; Beyrouth, Librairie Orientale, Paris 1994.
  27. Messarra A., La gouvernance d’un système consensuel. Le Liban après des ammendements constitutionnels de 1990, Librairie Orientale, Beyrouth 2003.
  28. Messarra A., La culture citoyenne dans une société multicommunautaire. Le Liban en perspective comparée, Librairie Orientale, Beyrouth 2013.
  29. Messarra A., La gestion démocratique du pluralisme religieux et culturel. Le Liban en perspective arabe et comparée, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 2019.
  30. Mouawwad J., Baumann H., Wayn al-Dawla : Locating the Lebanese State In Social Theory, „Arab Studies Journal” 2017, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 66–90.
  31. Nagle J., Clancy, M.A. (2019), Power-sharing after Civil War: Thirty Years since Lebanon’s Taif Agreement, „Nationalism and Ethnic Politics” 2019, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 1–8.
  32. Nucho J., Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon. Infrastructures, Public Services and Power, Princeton University Press, Oxford 2016.
  33. Rabbath E., La formation historique du Liban politique et constitutionnel. Essai de synthèse, Beyrouth 1986.
  34. Reilly B., Democracy and Diversity: Political Engineering in the Asia-Pacific, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007.
  35. Salam E.A., Modernisation Without Revolution. Lebanon’s Experience, Indiana University Press, Bloomington – London 1973.
  36. Salam N., La condition libanaise. Des communautés, du citoyen et de l’Etat, Dar an-Nahar, Beyrouth 1998.
  37. Salamey I., Politics and Governance of Lebanon, Routledge, New York 2014.
  38. Salamey I., Consociationalism in Lebanon and Integrative Options, „International Journal of Peace Studies” 2009, Vol. 14, No. 2, p. 83–105.
  39. Salamey I., Parliamentary Consociationalism in Lebanon: Equal Citizenry vs. Quotated Confessionalism, „Journal of Legislative Studies” 2008, Vol. 14, No. 4, p. 451–473.
  40. Salloukh B., Barakat R., Habbal J., Khattab L., Mikaelian S., Politics of Sectarianism in Postwar Lebanon, Pluto Press, London 2019.
  41. Salloukh B., Taif and the Lebanese State: The Political Economy of a Very Sectarian Public Sector, „Nationalism and Ethnic Politics” 2019, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 43–60.
  42. Salti N., Chaaban J., The Role of Sectarianism in the Allocation of Public Expenditure in Postwar Lebanon, „Middle East Journal” 2010, Vol. 42, p. 637–655.
  43. Schneckener U., Making Power-Sharing Work: Lessons from Successes and Failures of Ethnic Conflict Regulations, „Journal of Peace Studies” 2002, Vol. 39, No. 2, p.203–228.
  44. Trzciński K., Istota i główne modele power-sharing w kontekście wieloetniczności. Zarys problematyki, „Przegląd Politologiczny” 2016, nr 3, s. 27–39.
  45. Trzciński K., Hybrid Power Sharing: On How to Stabilize the Political Situation in Multi segmental societies, „Politeja” 2018, Vol 15, No. 5(56), p. 85–107.
  46. Trzciński K., Ograniczanie konfliktu w Nigerii i Indonezji, Elipsa, Warszawa 2020.
  47. Weiss M., In the Shadow of Sectarianism. Law, Shi’ism And the Making of Modern of Lebanon, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2010.
  48. Ziadeh H., Sectarianism and Inter-Communal Nation Building in Lebanon, Hurst and Company, London 2006.

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока недоступны.

Наиболее читаемые статьи этого автора (авторов)

Похожие статьи

<< < 1 2 3 > >> 

Вы также можете начать расширеннвй поиск похожих статей для этой статьи.