Uliczni „przedsiębiorcy”, czyli spór o widzialność w przestrzeni publicznej miasta

Beata Kowalczyk

doi:10.35757/KiS.2016.60.2.5

Vol. 60 No. 2 (2016): SEEN IN THE CITY

Articles and essays

Street ‘Entrepreneurs’, or the Dispute over Visibility in the Urban Public Space

Beata Kowalczyk⁺⁻

PDF (Język Polski)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/KiS.2016.60.2.5
Submitted: April 29, 2021
Published: May 23, 2016

Abstract

This text is an attempt at a sociological description of the phenomenon of street trading as a form of (in)visible presence in the public space of the city. Street traders are (in)visible in the sense that, in breaking the legal regulations setting the frame for public visibility, they must be invisible to the apparatus of power in order to avoid fines and ensure their ability to achieve their aims, their livelihoods. On the one hand, street traders balance on the edge of the law, transgressing the public order, and on the other hand, they are active creators of its (in)visible portion, metaphorically speaking—protesters against the established socio-cultural structures but in reality people seeking the means to survive.

References

Assmann Aleida, 2009, Pięć strategii wypierania ze świadomości, w: Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska (red.), Pamięć zbiorowa i kulturowa. Współczesna perspektywa niemiecka, Universitas, Kraków.
Baum Stefan, 1930, Handel uliczny w Warszawie, nakładem Wyższej Szkoły Handlowej w Warszawie, Warszawa.
Bromley Ray, 2000, Street Vending and Public Policy: A Global Review, „International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy”, t. 20, nr 1/2, s. 1–28.
Bromley Ray, 2007, Foreward, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.
Castells Manuel, Portes Alejandro, 1989, World Underneath: The Origins, Dynamics and Effects of the Informal Economy, w: Manuel Castells, Alejandro Portes, Lauren A. Benton (red), The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Certeau Michel de, Giard Luce, Mayol Pierre, 2011, Wynaleźć codzienność, t. 2: Mieszkać, gotować, tłum. Katarzyna Thiel-Jańczuk, Wydawnictwo UJ, Kraków.
Cross John C., 1998, Informal Politics: Street Vendors and the State in Mexico City, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Cross John C., 2007, Pirates on the high streets: the street as a site of local resistance to globalization, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.
Cross John C., Morales Alfonso, 2007, Introduction: Locating Street Markets in the Modern/Postmodern World, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.
De Soto Hernando, 1989, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World, Harper and Row, New York.
Fernandez-Kelly Garcia, 1989, Informalization at the Core: Hispanic Women, Homework, and the Advanced Capitalist State, w: Alejandro Portes, Manuel Castells, Lauren A. Benton (red), The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Hart Keith, 1973, Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana, „The Journal of Modern African Studies”, t. 11, nr 1, s. 61–89.
Jałowiecki Bohdan, Szczepański Marek, 2006, Miasto i przestrzeń w perspektywie socjologicznej, Scholar, Warszawa.
Krajewski Marek, 2012, Niewidzialne miasto — uspołeczniająca moc fotografii, w: Marek Krajewski (red.), Niewidzialne miasto, Fundacja Bęc Zmiana, Warszawa.
Król Marcin, 2014, Byliśmy głupi, wywiad, „Gazeta Wyborcza”, 7 lutego.
Lisicki Grzegorz, 2012, Dziki handel z wora w ścisłym centrum miasta. Bezkarny?, 2 maja (http://warszawa.gazeta.pl/warszawa/1,34889,11649826,Dziki_handel_z_wora_w_scislym_centrum_miasta_Bezkarny_.html).
Lynch Kevin, 1960, The Image of the City, The MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.
Martinotti Guido, [1996], The New Social Morphology of Cities, Management of Social Transformations — MOST, Discussion Paper Series, nr 16 (http://www.unesco.org/most/martinot.htm).
Monnet Jérôme, 2006, Le commerce de rue, ambulant ou informel et ses rapports avec la métropolisation : une ébauche de modélisation, „Autrepart”, nr 39.
Ost David, 2010, Dlaczego polskie elity nie są zainteresowane resztą społeczeństwa, tłum. Tomasz Bieroń, „Newsweek Polska”, nr 2.
Pachenkov Oleg, Danielle Berman, 2007, Spaces of Conflict and Camaraderie: The Contradictory Logics of a Postsocialist Flea Market, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People,
Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.
Rancière Jacques, 2007, Estetyka jako polityka, tłum. Julian Kutyła, Paweł Mościcki, Krytyka Polityczna, Warszawa.
Ryan William, 1971, Blaming the Victim, Random House, New York.
Sennett Richard, 2009, Upadek człowieka publicznego, tłum. Hanna Jankowska, Muza, Warszawa.
Stoller Paul, 1996, Spaces, Places, and Fields: The Politics of West African Trading in New York City’s Informal Economy, „American Anthropologist”, t. 98, nr 4, s. 776–788.
Sulima Roch, 2000, Antropologia codzienności, Wydawnictwo UJ, Kraków.
Varcin Recep, 2007, The Conflict Between Street Vendors and Local Authorities: The Case of Market Traders in Ankara Turkey, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.

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Keywords

street trading
public space
urban space
social invisibility

How to Cite

Kowalczyk, B. (2016). Street ‘Entrepreneurs’, or the Dispute over Visibility in the Urban Public Space. Culture & Society, 60(2), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.35757/KiS.2016.60.2.5

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[1] Assmann Aleida, 2009, Pięć strategii wypierania ze świadomości, w: Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska (red.), Pamięć zbiorowa i kulturowa. Współczesna perspektywa niemiecka, Universitas, Kraków.

[2] Baum Stefan, 1930, Handel uliczny w Warszawie, nakładem Wyższej Szkoły Handlowej w Warszawie, Warszawa.

[3] Bromley Ray, 2000, Street Vending and Public Policy: A Global Review, „International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy”, t. 20, nr 1/2, s. 1–28.

[4] Bromley Ray, 2007, Foreward, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.

[5] Castells Manuel, Portes Alejandro, 1989, World Underneath: The Origins, Dynamics and Effects of the Informal Economy, w: Manuel Castells, Alejandro Portes, Lauren A. Benton (red), The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

[6] Certeau Michel de, Giard Luce, Mayol Pierre, 2011, Wynaleźć codzienność, t. 2: Mieszkać, gotować, tłum. Katarzyna Thiel-Jańczuk, Wydawnictwo UJ, Kraków.

[7] Cross John C., 1998, Informal Politics: Street Vendors and the State in Mexico City, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

[8] Cross John C., 2007, Pirates on the high streets: the street as a site of local resistance to globalization, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.

[9] Cross John C., Morales Alfonso, 2007, Introduction: Locating Street Markets in the Modern/Postmodern World, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.

[10] De Soto Hernando, 1989, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World, Harper and Row, New York.

[11] Fernandez-Kelly Garcia, 1989, Informalization at the Core: Hispanic Women, Homework, and the Advanced Capitalist State, w: Alejandro Portes, Manuel Castells, Lauren A. Benton (red), The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

[12] Hart Keith, 1973, Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana, „The Journal of Modern African Studies”, t. 11, nr 1, s. 61–89.

[13] Jałowiecki Bohdan, Szczepański Marek, 2006, Miasto i przestrzeń w perspektywie socjologicznej, Scholar, Warszawa.

[14] Krajewski Marek, 2012, Niewidzialne miasto — uspołeczniająca moc fotografii, w: Marek Krajewski (red.), Niewidzialne miasto, Fundacja Bęc Zmiana, Warszawa.

[15] Król Marcin, 2014, Byliśmy głupi, wywiad, „Gazeta Wyborcza”, 7 lutego.

[16] Lisicki Grzegorz, 2012, Dziki handel z wora w ścisłym centrum miasta. Bezkarny?, 2 maja (http://warszawa.gazeta.pl/warszawa/1,34889,11649826,Dziki_handel_z_wora_w_scislym_centrum_miasta_Bezkarny_.html).

[17] Lynch Kevin, 1960, The Image of the City, The MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.

[18] Martinotti Guido, [1996], The New Social Morphology of Cities, Management of Social Transformations — MOST, Discussion Paper Series, nr 16 (http://www.unesco.org/most/martinot.htm).

[19] Monnet Jérôme, 2006, Le commerce de rue, ambulant ou informel et ses rapports avec la métropolisation : une ébauche de modélisation, „Autrepart”, nr 39.

[20] Ost David, 2010, Dlaczego polskie elity nie są zainteresowane resztą społeczeństwa, tłum. Tomasz Bieroń, „Newsweek Polska”, nr 2.

[21] Pachenkov Oleg, Danielle Berman, 2007, Spaces of Conflict and Camaraderie: The Contradictory Logics of a Postsocialist Flea Market, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People,

[22] Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.

[23] Rancière Jacques, 2007, Estetyka jako polityka, tłum. Julian Kutyła, Paweł Mościcki, Krytyka Polityczna, Warszawa.

[24] Ryan William, 1971, Blaming the Victim, Random House, New York.

[25] Sennett Richard, 2009, Upadek człowieka publicznego, tłum. Hanna Jankowska, Muza, Warszawa.

[26] Stoller Paul, 1996, Spaces, Places, and Fields: The Politics of West African Trading in New York City’s Informal Economy, „American Anthropologist”, t. 98, nr 4, s. 776–788.

[27] Sulima Roch, 2000, Antropologia codzienności, Wydawnictwo UJ, Kraków.

[28] Varcin Recep, 2007, The Conflict Between Street Vendors and Local Authorities: The Case of Market Traders in Ankara Turkey, w: John C. Cross, Alfonso Morales (red.), Street Entrepreneurs: People, Place, and Politics in Local and Global Perspective, Routledge, London–New York.