Vol. 74 No. 1 (2021): Powrót miast. Miasta przyszłości
Powrót miast. Miasta przyszłości
The lobbying of cities in the European Union
Collegium of Socio-Economics of the SGH Warsaw School of Economics
Abstract
Most European Union policies directly affect cities, but their role in formulating these policies is insufficient. Therefore, cities are undertaking para-diplomacy and lobbying at the EU level independently of national governments. They use the opportunities offered by the EU, namely multilevel governance system and the European Commission’s policy of openness and deliberation. The article presents an analysis of the patterns and strategies of representation of cities’ interests at the EU level, their adaptation to the requirements of the EU interests intermediation system, as well as the motivations for undertaking lobbying. It is argued that cities follow two main channels of interests representation: permanent representations with direct lobbying in Brussels and activity in European city networks. Two types of motivations behind lobbying can be distinguished: regulatory mobilization and financial mobilization. Their relations with EU institutions are subject to advanced institutionalization.
References
- Amen M., Toly N., McCarney P., Segbers C., Sighting or slighting cities in international relations, [in:] Cities and global governance. New sites for international relations, ed. M. Amen, N. Toly, P. McCarney, C. Segbers, Ashgate, London 2011.
- Bartik H., Wolffhardt A., Cities and services of general interest – A case study in deliberative European governance, [in:] European metropolitan governance. Cities in Europe – Europe in the cities, eds E. Antalovsky, J.Dangschat, M.Parkinson, Europaforum, Wien 2005.
- Beyers J., Donas T., How regions assemble in Brussels. The organizational form of territorial representation in the European Union, “The Journal of Federalism” 2012, vol. 43(4).
- Bouwen P., Corporate lobbying in the European Union: the logic of access, “Journal of European Public Policy” 2002, vol. 9(3).
- Callanan M., Tatham M., Territorial interest representation in the European Union: actors, objectives and strategies, “Journal of European Public Policy” 2014, vol. 21 (2).
- Charlton E., Trans-European access. The value of Eurocities to Gateshead Council, June 2009, p. 14, available at [accessed: 28 III 2021]: <https://research.ncl.ac.uk/jeanmonnet/download/Trans-EuropeanAccess-Report.pdf>.
- Cianciara A. K., Burakowski A., Olszewski P., Wódka J., Europeizacja partii politycznych i grup interesu w wybranych krajach Partnerstwa Wschodniego i kandydujących do Unii Europejskiej, ISP PAN, Warszawa 2015.
- Cianciara A. K., Legitymizacja na wejściu, [in:] Leksykon lobbingu w Unii Europejskiej, eds J. F. Czub, A.Vetulani-Cęgiel, Elipsa, Warszawa 2018.
- Cianciara A. K., Wzory europeizacji zewnętrznej: mechanizmy, uwarunkowania, rezultaty, “Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs” 2013, vol. 3.
- Coen D., Katsaitis A., Chameleon pluralism in the EU: an empirical study of the European Commission interest group density and diversity across policy domains, “Journal of European Public Policy” 2013, vol. 20, issue 8.
- Coen D., Richardson J., Lobbying the European Union. Institutions, actors, and issues, Oxford University Press, New York 2009.
- European metropolitan governance. Cities in Europe – Europe in the cities, eds E. Antalovsky, J. S. Dangschat, M. Parkinson, Europaforum, Wien 2005.
- Greenwood J., Actors of the common interest? The Brussels offices of the regions, “Journal of European Integration” 2011, vol. 33(4), pp. 448–450.
- Greenwood J., Interest representation in the European Union, Red Globe Press, London 2017.
- Hein C., Cities (and regions) within a city: subnational representations and the creation of European imaginaries in Brussels, “International Journal of Urban Sciences” 2015, vol. 19(1).
- Herrschel T., Newman P., Cities as international actors. Urban and regional governance beyond the nation state, Palgrave, London 2017.
- Hooghe L., Marks G., Multi-level governance and European integration, Rowman & Littlefield Pub., Oxford 2001.
- Huysseune M., Jans T., Brussels as the capital of a Europe of the regions? Regional offices as European policy actors, Brussels Studies, February 2008, p. 5, available at [accessed: 2 IV 2021]: <https://journals.openedition.org/brussels/547?lang=en>.
- Jasiecki K., Molęda-Zdziech M., U. Kurczewska, Lobbing. Sztuka skutecznego wywierania wpływu, OE, Kraków 2006.
- Kern K., Cities as leaders in EU multilevel climate governance: embedded upscaling of local experiments in Europe, “Environmental Politics” 2019, vol. 28(1).
- Parkinson M., Urban policy in Europe – Where have we been and where are we going?, [in:] European metropolitan governance. Cities in Europe – Europe in the Cities, eds E. Antalovsky, J. Dangschat, M. Parkinson, Europaforum, Wien 2005.
- Poth-Mögele A., EU impact assessment. Better legislation and policy through early involvement of local and regional government, Council of European Municipalities and Regions, Brussels 2014.
- Tatham M., Paradiplomats against the state. Explaining conflict in state and substate interest representation in Brussels, “Comparative Political Studies” 2013, vol. 46(1).
- Tavares R., Paradiplomacy. Cities and regions as global players, Oxford University Press, New York 2016.
- Trobbiani R., European regions in Brussels: towards functional interest representation? (Bruges Political Research Papers, 53/2016).
- Van Hecke M., Bursens P., Beyers J., You’ll never lobby alone. Explaining the participation of sub-national authorities in the European Commission’s open consultations, “Journal of Common Market Studies” 2016, vol. 54 (6).
- Wolffhardt A., Bartik H., Meegan R., Dangschat J. S., Hamedinger A., The European engagement of cities – Experiences, motivations and effects on local governance in Liverpool, Manchester, Vienna, Graz, Dortmund & Hamburg, [in:] European metropolit an governance. Cities in Europe – Europe in the Cities, eds E. Antalovsky, J. Dangschat, M. Parkinson, Europaforum, Wien 2005.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
