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Vol. 78 No. 2 (2025): Unfinished Transformations: Politics, Economy, and Societies of Post-Socialist Countries

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National Referendum in Republic of Bulgaria in the 21st Century

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35757/sm.2025.78.2.10
Submitted: May 9, 2025
Published: December 23, 2025

Abstract

Referendum as a form of direct democracy plays an important role in shaping the political life of many countries, where it has gained special importance as a tool for shaping key systemic, social and economic decisions. In the Bulgarian legal system, the institution of referendum has a constitutional basis, and its functioning is regulated by detailed statutory provisions. It is the latter, i.e. normative issues and an analysis of the referenda held in Bulgaria in 2013, 2015 and 2016, that have become the subject of analysis in this article. It turns out that despite the growing interest in this form of direct democracy on the part of citizens, the referendum remains a mechanism with a limited impact on the real decision-making processes in the state.

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