The idea of political theology, which for almost one hundred years has been accompanying our intellectual debates, seems to be an expression of the reawakening of awareness that reflection over politics, if we do not want to move exclusively on the surface of phenomena, must reach as deep as possible, and also take into account the religious and theological dimension of our life. However, there are numerous perspectives tied to the notion of political theology, and therefore this term can easily lead us astray. The main purpose of this article is to identify different positions in regard to the notion of “political theology.” It is necessary, first, to consider what theology itself is and how it can be understood, then, what may be hidden behind the word “political,” and finally, how these two fields of human life mutually influence each other, interpenetrate, and struggle for priority. This essay is about whether the key to understanding and shaping our reality could be a theological vision of politics, based on the vision of God who appeared in this world as Logos, or whether the key should be a political interpretation of a theology that subordinates and uses religious content to accomplish the earthly purposes of a particular political community.
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