Abstract
Polish-Russian relations are among the most difficult and the most complicated neighbourly relations in Europe. They are difficult particularly for Poland, but they are also complicated for Russia. The relations have a difficult history and Poland has more often experienced Russian domination, falling victim to Russia’s imperial policy. These negative experiences have evoked mutual suspicion and distrust in the elites of both countries.
After the collapse of communism and the Soviet Union, Poland set out to integrate with the Euro-Atlantic structures, such as NATO and the European Union (EU). Poland’s accession to NATO was meant to strengthen its national security and international position, protecting it from potential Russian neo-imperialism and making it an important element (particularly in Central and Eastern Europe) of a monocentric, US-dominated global order. The attempts made by Russia and the West to achieve mutual agreement in the 1990s ended in failure. Russia is afraid of American hegemony in the world and its progressive marginalisation, and it thus opposes the expansion of NATO to the East. On the other hand, Poland and the Baltic states are afraid of Moscow’s military campaigns, such as those in Georgia and Ukraine. The location of Poland and Russia in global geopolitics makes their interests collide with each other.
To increase its security, Poland strengthens cooperation with Washington and strives to actively participate in all American projects implemented under the auspices of NATO with regard to Central and Eastern Europe. One such project is the construction of NATO’s missile defence system on the territory of Poland, which raises Russia’s serious objections. The article presents the attitude of Russia and Poland to the creation of the NATO missile defence system. It analyses bilateral perception, argumentation, fears and methods of achieving goals in negotiations regarding the construction of the American missile shield.
References
- Adamowski J., Poland Eyes Expanded Missile Defense Amid Fear of Russia, „Defense News”, 25 lipca 2016.
- Burns R., U.S. Might Negotiate on Missile Defense, „The Associated Press”, 24 kwietnia 2007.
- Charnysh V., Russia-NATO Missile Defense, „E-International Relations”, 27 maja 2010.
- Cienski J., The World According to Duda, „Politico”, 19 sierpnia 2015.
- Czornik K., Tarcza antyrakietowa jako jeden z gwarantów bezpieczeństwa Polski, w: M. Stolarczyk, K. Czornik, M. Lakomy (red.), Dylematy polityki bezpieczeństwa Polski na początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2014.
- Ek C., Poland’s New Government: Background and Issues for the United States, w: CRS Report for Congress, Waszyngton 2008.
- Elleman M., Iran’s Ballistic Missile Program, Statement Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 24 maja 2016.
- Erästö T., Between the Shield and the Sword. NATO’s Overlooked Missile Defense Dilemma, „Ploughshares Fund Study Report”, czerwiec 2017, nr 3.
- Foy H., NATO Treats Poland Like a Buffer State, Says New President, „Financial Times”, 13 sierpnia 2015.
- Fryc M., Rozwój amerykańskiego systemu przeciwrakietowego w Europie – czy możliwe jest przyspieszenie budowy tarczy?, Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe 2014, III.
- Harding L., Russia threatening new cold war over missile defence, „The Guardian”, 11 kwietnia 2007.
- Harding L., Traynor I., Obama abandons missile defence shield in Europe, „The Guardian”, 17 września 2009.
- Koziej S., Amerykańska obrona przeciwrakietowa: kontekst globalny, europejski i polski, skrypt internetowy, www.koziej.pl, Warszawa 2008.
- Koziej S., Nowa koncepcja strategiczna NATO a Strategiczny Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego. „Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe” 2010, II–IV.
- Koziej S., Tarcza antyrakietowa. Dylematy strategiczne, „Znak”, kwiecień 2007, nr 623.
- Kubiak K., Raketenabwehr: Potentiale einer Kooperation mit Russland, „SWP-Studie”, lipiec 2017.
- Kulesa Ł., Perspektywy współpracy NATO-Rosja w dziedzinie obrony przeciwrakietowej, „Bezpieczeństwo narodowe” 2011, III, nr 19.
- Kulesa Ł., Poland and Ballistic Missile Defense. The Limits of Atlanticism, „IFRI Proliferation Papers” 2014, nr 48.
- Pifer S., Missile defense – would the Kremlin pitch a deal? „Brookings Institute”, 2 czerwca 2016.
- Sikorski R., The Barack Obama Promise: A European View, „The Atlantic Council”, Waszyngton, 19 listopada 2008.
- Śliwiński K., Polish national security dilemmas: The US missile defense complex and its role in Polish foreign policy, „Democracy and Security” 2012, 8.2.
- Terlikowski M., Defence and Industrial Policy in Poland: Drivers and Influence, IRIS Policy Paper, lipiec 2017.
- Turczyński P., Amerykańskie koncepcje tarczy antyrakietowej w Europie, „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2011, nr 3 (161).
- Wilkening D. A., Does Missile Defence in Europe Threaten Russia?, „Survival” 2012, 54:1
- Zięba R., Podstawowe dylematy polskiej polityki wschodniej, w: M. Stolarczyk, K. Czornik, M. Lakomy (red.), Dylematy polityki zagranicznej Polski na początku XXI wieku, Katowice 2014.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
