Symbolic boundaries are conceptual lines embracing certain people and things while others are excluded. Researchers argue that divisions into “us” and “them” are a product of boundary work and largely depend on the meanings that people ascribe to them. An important role in this process is played both by the cultural repertoires people can draw on and the structural conditions in which they live. The goal of this article is to examine the mechanisms behind the construction of symbolic boundaries by people belonging to the middle class in Poland. What categories and classification patterns do they apply to define the differences between people like “us” and people like “them”, and what argumentative strategies do they use to maintain and legitimize these divisions? An analysis of individual in-depth interviews pointed to the existence of internal differences within the middle class (economic fraction and cultural fraction) and to how the social context influences the way in which the respondents in Warsaw and Wałbrzych construct the symbolic boundaries of their class.
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