Beliefs and health literacy are developed throughout the process of socialisation across one’s life. In order to make informed health choices, and as a result achieve wellbeing, health education is a priority. The study examines the process of developing health literacy and critical thinking about health among primary school students through the content of school textbooks. It focuses on the official curriculum — the core curriculum and textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education and Science for teaching primary school pupils. The findings show that although health education is an important part of the curriculum, there is insufficient room for practical exercises and group discussion. Greater emphasis on critical thinking in the teaching process is also needed. The analysis indicates that the current health education system in Poland has the potential to improve the health of children and adolescents by developing their health literacy. However, curricula and textbooks need to be adjusted to the real health needs of children and adolescents.
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